328 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
would be necessary in order to enable one to make a detailed com- 
parison between plants of the same species found growing as members 
of this strand flora and further inland. The points that could be 
established during the months of late winter and early spring when 
these observations were made were as follows: 
Alyssum maritimum (littoral form): leaves with more, longer, and 
stouter hairs on both surfaces than occur on the ordinary form; leaves 
much smaller and darker green than in the ordinary form; leaves 
from 1.5 to 3.5 times as thick as in the ordinary form. 
Senecio vulgaris (littoral form): plants very low, often with the 
leaves in rosette form and heads in full bloom only 2°™ high. The 
maximum height observed was 8°™, while the average height of 
plants growing in fairly good soil further inland was (ten specimens 
taken at random) 35.7°™. The stems of the littoral form were pro- 
portionately stouter and more hairy, and: the leaves were darker 
green, more pubescent, thicker, more sessile (sometimes clasping 
and almost decurrent). The root system of plants of the littoral 
form is much more developed than in the ordinary form, but there 
are no aerial roots, such as are commonly found along the lower part 
of the stems of this Senecio when growing in ordinary situations. 
Artemisia variabilis (littoral form): leaves with more slender 
divisions, the tips more strongly mucronate and the surface more scaly 
than the ordinary form; the young leaves of littoral plants were 
often densely pubescent, while I have never seen them so on plants 
growing in ordinary stations. 
No decided differences were noted between the specimens of 
Inula found growing in the beach sands and those occurring else- 
where. The Lotus plants were too young to be compared with 
inland specimens. 
- The beach sand in which Association A was growing consisted of 
grains for the most part ranging from o.80™™ to o.30™™ in diameter. 
It was evidently mainly derived from comminuted trachyte and 
scoriaceous lava, probably from the little extinct volcano of Monte 
Nuovo close by. A sample of the sand was taken February 1 from 
among the roots of the Euphorbia Paralias and Matthiola sinuaia 
and analyzed gravimetrically for chlorin. It contained 7.3 pet 
cent. of moisture, which contained a trifle more than 0.04™8 chlorin 
