426 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
red, or safranin. Preparations were studied with a Zeiss apochro- 
matic immersion 1.5™™, N. A. 1.30, and compensating oculars. 
GERMINATION OF THE CARPOSPORE AND TETRASPORE. 
It is very easy to obtain the early stages in the germination of car-- 
pospores and tetraspores. Fruiting plants, placed in a dish of sea 
water over night, will discharge great quantities of spores. These 
fall to the bottom of the dish and germinate at once. The germi- 
nating spores may be readily gathered from the bottom at the proper 
hours to obtain critical stages. 
The first division of the carpospores and tetraspores takes place 
within 10-15 hours after their escape from the parent plants. 
The cytoplasm before the first division shows a coarse network or 
very irregular alveolar structure on the periphery, which becomes 
much finer around the nucleus. The nucleus has a very delicate 
membrane, within which lies the linin network, much finer in struc- 
ture than that of the cytoplasm. The delicate transverse walls cf the 
alveoli of the cytoplasm seem to end on the nuclear membrane where 
the linin thread starts, which leads the writer to believe that there is 
some relation between the positions of the walls of the cytoplasmic 
alveoli and the linin of the nuclear network. The nucleus contains 
one or two nucleoli homogeneous in structure. 
Approaching the prophase of mitosis the linin threads become 
more and more conspicuous and chromatin granules appear in rows; 
but without constructing a uniform continuous spirem the threads 
segment into a number of chromosomes. The nucleus becomes sur- 
rounded by dense kinoplasm consisting of very minute closely crowded 
granules, and the outer margin of this kinoplasmic mass assumes a 
fibrillar structure which finally ends in the alveoli of the cytoplasm. 
The distinct concentration of the kinoplasmic masses at the poles to 
become the centers of the dynamic activities of the mitosis dces not 
occur until the chromosomes are arranged in an equatorial plate. 
The nuclear membrane persists through the prophase, which makes 
it evident that the spindle is entirely intranuclear in origin. 
The chromosomes at the equatorial plate split longitudinally, and 
the two groups of daughter chromosomes pass to the opposite poles 
of the spindle, where they become closely crowded in a mass near the 
center of the accumulation of kinoplasm. 
