106 
indeed, for Mr. Demment, the photographer of the surveying-party 
who reached the top in 1908, could give but scanty information 
concerning the flora. 
Relative to this latest expedition I propose to give you some 
further details, as these may be welcome to you in view of our 
prospective trip. On the 23 rd. of April of the current year we 
started, our party being in the careful charge of Mr. Kozgrsvexp, 
commander of the exploration-craft the ,Brak”; at daylight 
next morning we lay off the South-East coast of the island of 
Krakatau, this being the same point where the Ernst-expedition 
had also landed. The photo then taken by Ernst'), which is 
going to be thrown on the screen presently, still presents a 
good picture of what you will see on Krakatau, but the trees 
have grown somewhat taller and the vegetation generaly denser 
and more closely packed, (as appears from the subjoined fig. 1 
on plate XIX) and the grassy stretch is no longer so distinct 
(see fig. 2). 
Of course we expected to see plant-growth but that it should 
be so full was still a surprise, because it is difficult to dismiss 
the notion that a completely destroyed vegetation cannot be 
restored in 36 years. The first impression, accordingly, as I have 
remarked before, is of a vegetation similar to what may be 
_ found on other islands: a fringe of coconut-palms and higher 
up the dense forest. 
_ On Krakatau the border of cocos-palms is replaced by a belt 
of Casuary-trees (Casuarina equisetifolia L., see fig. 1). There are 
indeed cocos, but they are not yet very prevalent. The Casuary- 
trees form a broad zone, the trees being already quite tall and 
robust and entirely overgrown by a few species of Ipomoea 
(UZ. denticulata Choisy and I. grandiflora Lam.) and by a grape- 
os like plant (Vitis trifolia L.). The shore is grown with the usual __ 
=. . littoral plants, Ipomoea Pes caprae Sw., and a few papiliona- 
. plants (Canavalia lineata DC., Vigna marina Merr. , which 
__ are generally found on beaches, and which, together with a few 
