123 
Besides these two main questions there are a few of less 
importance one of which, the spread of the Cocoa-palm, I have 
already touched upon in passing. Another point inviting inves- 
tigation was to me the presence of a great number of galls. 
This was a great surprise, for the presence of these plant- 
diseases illustrates Nature’s mockery of man-framed rules, such 
as those established by Hirronymus and Kisrzr'). However I 
have discussed this separately *) as it would have lead me into 
too much detail for our present purpose. 
It remains for me to relate a few particulars concerning the 
fauna, though little is known about it so far. As I remarked 
before, animals were not searched for till 25 years after the 
eruption, by Mr. Jacossoy. This gentleman collected numerous 
spoils and published the results of his researches in a very 
interesting treatise *). One result was that except mammals repre- 
sentatives of nearly all types of animals were found on Kra- 
katau. Mammals cannot exist there, except bats and rodents, 
because in the dry season there nowhere remains any water 
on the surface. Even in the raining monsoon but little water 
is found here and there in the river-beds, and this soon vanishes 
into the porous soil. 
It is also characteristic of the fauna that a limited number 
of types predominate; they were especially centipeds and species 
of ants, by which the explorers were much troubled. Also the 
number of spiders was enormous, and is so even now, so that 
In the forest one is constantly butting into cobwebs. Mr. Jacosson 
points out that this may perhaps be accounted for by assuming 
that these animals did, whilst on the contrary their prasites 
did not, arrive immediately. On this hypothesis the predomi- 
nance of these animals should come to an end after the para- 
sites shall have made their appearance. The correctness of this 
surmise could only have been established now, if investigations 
pad been carried on Fig from the start. 
4) E. Kiisrer. Die Gallen < Sd: Leipzig, 4 
2) W. Docrers van Leeuwen. The Galls of een and Verlaten Eiland. 
Annales da ‘ler Dae ae de serge sh 1920, V Vol. sersaic 57. 
