Perorern ARTICLE S$. 
THE SEEDLINGS OF JATROPHA MULTIFIDA UL. AND 
PERSEA GRATISSIMA GARTN. 
(WITH SIX FIGURES) 
Two mopes of germinating are characteristic of the dicotyledons, 
with the cotyledons above or under ground. ‘The first is undoubtedly 
the commonest. In this case the cotyledons, as a rule, are freed from 
the seed-coat and develop as two, seldom only one or several, leaf-like 
organs. In the other case, however, the cotyledons either remail 
enclosed in the seed or become free, but stay under ground. hes 
are the principal forms of germination which Klebs? has ascribed 1 
the dicotyledonous orders, and it is interesting to see that both forms 
may occur not only within allied genera, but even among species 0! 
the same genus. Furthermore, the germination itself exhibits a nul 
ber of biological variations in regard to the relative development of 
the primary root, the hypocotyl, and the cotyledons. But it would 
seem very difficult to find any deviation from the rules given above, # 
least from the first, in which the cotyledons are above ground and 
free, while the second comprises two possibilities, enclosed of iret . 
cotyledons. When the seed-leaves are carried up above ground, this 
*KLEBs, GEorG: Beitrage zur Morphologie und Biologie der Keimung- Unt 
such. aus d. Botan. Inst. 
Tiibingen 1: 536-635. 1885 ‘ 
P * MULLER, FR: Keimung der Bicuiba. Berichte d. deutsch. botan. Ges: a 
7. 
as l yu he 
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