7oO BOTANICAL GAZETTE [uty 
this region it is hard to distinguish the suckers from ordinary seed- 
lings. Like most seedlings, those of the fir are very weak, and when they 
reach a maximum diameter of about 25™ they die and begin to decay. 
At this time the formation of the secondary burl covering begins. The 
nourishment before given the sucker is utilized in covering over the 
dead and decaying stub with this new live growth. 
In one instance a dead sucker had been covered with a primary burl 
covering to a height of 1.5". This had died, the bark had fallen of, 
and a second burl covering, still alive, had covered this over to 4 
height of 0.9". 
These suckers are found only in the moistest and densest forests. 
Even under the proper conditions they are very rare. They were 
observed in the summer of 1898, ten to fifteen miles from tide water, 
Chehalis county, Washington.— Frank Haines Lamp, Biltmore, N.C. 
