1899] SPORE-MOTHER-CELL OF ANTHOCEROS 97 
in fig. 7. Synapsis in Anthoceros seems to occur after the first 
division of the chloroplast, and it is very apt to persist through 
to the second division. The contracted threads of linin then 
gradually extend outward through the nucleus (fig. 8), and 
finally a spirem condition is attained similar in all outward 
appearances to that present in the nucleus before synapsis. 
The nucleolus after synapsis is often found somewhat frag- 
mented, as is shown in fig. zo. Whether or not the nucleolus 
partly dissolves and contributes material to the linin thread, as 
has been suggested for certain forms (e. g., Lilium), could not be 
determined for Anthoceros. 
Synapsis in Anthoceros does not appear to the writer to be 
an artifact, and in this opinion he agrees with the views 
*xpressed by a number of investigators who have studied this 
phenomenon in other types. Particularly favorable opportunities 
we presented for the solution of this problem in Anthoceros, 
Bese one may subject at one time all conditions of the spore- 
nother-cells to the same fixing fluid. Under these conditions 
*ynapsis always appears in that particular region of the sporo- 
“a s cells in the condition just before and during 
basis Sesion ot the chloroplast. No nuclei were ever 
inte _ Synapsis in other parts of the sporogonium, and 
disturbed “ala and older cells immediately adjoining the 
thread. oe presented the typical fully expanded spirem 
ing uid shit - - these cells had been bathed in the same fix- 
of the slides identical treatment in the preparation 
€ nucle; a f course - may be claimed that the contents of 
synapsis pecs he subject to shrinkage at the time when 
of fixing iis. es : ene be understood that ae a variety 
chrom-acetic ae lea a Pico acetic, corrosive sublimate, 
nately the niall si erkel’s, all gave identical results. hae es 
4 detailed stud ey a ie nuclear elements in Anthoceros se 
and led to 7 eae this sateresting proGess extremely difficult, 
We have ee. conclusions as to the meaning of synapsis. 
*Pore-mother-cel] hat events take place during the growth of the 
in the following order: first, an increase in 
