106 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AuGUST 
Boveri's picro-acetic acid gives beautifully bleached tissue, 
but achromatic regions are not clearly differentiated although 
chromatic elements stain well. 
Sublimate-acetic (5 per cent. glacial acetic acid in saturated 
solution of corrosive sublimate) is not good. Nuclear membranes 
and filarplasm-are very poorly preserved. 
Hermann’s fluid is very much like Flemming’s in its effects 
and is thoroughly satisfactory. 
The osmic acid of the Flemming’s and Hermann’s mixtures 
appears to give them certain advantages over all other fluids. 
Although they may not kill and preserve tissue better than some 
other agents, as for example chrom-acetic acid, certain stains, 
safranin and gentian violet, differentiate all structures of the cell 
very much better when they have been used. 
SUMMARY. 
_ The number of chromsomes is eight for the sporophyte and 
four in the gametophyte. 
The chloroplast appears rather suddenly in the spore-mom 
cell as a differentiated region of the protoplasm, containing 
several starch grains. When fully developed it has a honeycom . 
structure, each cavity being occupied by a grain of starch. . 
The division of the chloroplast is one of simple fissi0% 
apparently through forces acting outside of the structure 
and perhaps concerned with the film of protoplasm that tee 
rounds it. 
Synapsis occurs in the nucleus soon after the first division 
the chloroplast. It is not an artifact. — 
- The second division of the chloroplast presents the spore 
mother-cell ready for the division of the nucleus. | The fo : 
chloroplasts, hardly more than vesicles filled with starch gas 
are arranged symmetrically in the cytoplasm. with the nuclee 
in the center of the cell. ; 
The resting nucleus has a nucleolus and a spirem threa 
however, is so small that details of structure could not 
mined. 
thet: 
d, which 
be dete 
