142 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [averst | 
ored bracts in the former nor the conspicuous sterile flowers in the latte — 
plant can be regarded as “vexillary.” In both cases the pollinating insets 
make their way at once to the flowers which contain the honey without bem 
visibly guided by the showy organs in either case; while if these are remove! 
it does not appear to make any material difference in the number of insets 
which visit the inflorescence.— Jour. Roy. Mic. Soc. 1899. 298. 
IN A NOTABLE paper on cellulose enzymes, Professor F. C. Newcomit 
clearly demonstrates the existence of cytohydrolvtic enzymes distinct free 
diastase, especially in the seedlings of white lupine and date palm- 4 
enzymes, which in some plants are doubtless mixed with diastase, “act®™ 
starch so feebly and on reserve cellulose so energetically that they ate toe | 
regarded as cytase as distinguished from diastase.’ In all cases the oo 
walls first become hyaline, then more and more transparent, finally seeming | 
to melt away in solution. Besides the clear proof of the existence of the log 
suspected cytase, the paper adds much to our knowledge of the distribut® 
of cellulose enzymes.— C. R. B , 
states that his obs 
ic membrats 
at least a 
Dr. A. M. Bousier in a brief paper on the pyrenoid® 
vations “ prove the existence in pyrenoids of an external plasm 
perfectly differentiated and independent of the chromatophore, 
mature stage of development. This membrane encloses a Jeucoplast, 
accumulates starch, with a crystalloid at the center.—— C. R. 5. 
aquatic plants.’— C. R. B. 
flight 
THE CHIEF VALUE of Kolkwitz’s recent paper on the influence ° se 
the respiration of fungi® is due to the refinement of technique emplo 
the degree of accuracy attained. In these respects It SUF 
is the first extensive accurate study of the effect of light upon ™ 
tory activities of plant protoplasm and of animal protoplasm a5" i 
mals are prone to move and then by their varying activities 
any conclusions as to the effect of light alone. Severed ap - vet 
unsuitable, as diffusion at the cut end is abnormal and quant 
Fungi having false parenchyma are unsuitable since the intercel 
> Annals of Botany 13: 49-81. 1899. 
° Bulletin de l’Herbier Bossier 7451-458. 1896. 
7 Bulletin de I’'Herbier Boissier 7:—. 1899. 
*Kotkwitz, R: Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf di 
e Athmung = be 
Pilze: Jahr. f. wiss. bot. 33 : 129-165. : 
