1899] CURRENT LITERATURE 433 
volume closes with a list of the flower-visiting insects, each species being 
followed by a list of the plants on whose flowers it has been taken. 
Facts appear here which are quite interesting in connection with state- 
ments made on page 114 of the first volume, as well as in connection with 
some recent writings of mine on oligotropic bees (BOT. GAZ. 28:32). Andrena 
florea, mentioned on the page cited as an exclusive visitor of Bryonia dioica, 
appears in 2:606 as a visitor of Bryonta alba, also, as well as Sisymbrium 
officinale, Stellaria media, Rubus Sruticosus, Cirsium arvense, and Carduus 
nutans. Andrena cettii (=A. marginata F.), mentioned in 1:114 as an 
exclusive visitor of Scadiosa (Knautia) arvenszs, in 2:607 is shown to visit 5S. 
columbaria and S. suaveolens, also, as well as Succtsa pratensis, Onopordon 
acanthium, Leontodon autumnalis, Flieractum pilosella, Jastone montana, 
Andrena nasuta visits Melilotus alba also, and Bombus gerstaeckeri visits 
three species of Aconitum and Gentiana asclepiadea. So all of the exclu- 
sive cases are shown to be merely erroneous inferences from improbable data. 
These lists were evidently made later, and so are not connected with the first 
Statements. 
In this work the classification, although systematic within each volume, is 
geographical. The second volume contains observations made in Europe, 
excluding all others. If a native European plant has been introduced, for 
example, to America, any observations made upon the plant in America 
should be included with the observations made in Europe. This permits a 
convenient comparison of its normal relations at home with its acquired rela- 
tions abroad. The latter are clearly subordinate and cannot take the place 
of the other. 
If we enter upon close criticism of the present status of flower ecology, 
it must be said that it is a heterogeneous mixture of data derived from native 
plants occupying more or less normal positions in the original flora and 
€xposed to a more or less normal insect fauna, as well as data derived from 
_ introduced and cultivated plants which seem erroneously to be expected to 
reveal their ecological relations without regard to their surroundings. It 
Seems to me that introduced plants should be treated together in a supple- 
Mentary part, while garden flowers should be again separated as surrounded 
by conditions clearly abnormal. The objection is to the mixture, not to any 
_ kind of data. 
_ the nomenclature which is connected with it, whether they like it or not. 
: This work is by far the most important source of information on the facts 
and literature of flower ecology, and it should be in the hands of all those 
who are interested in the subject. I have done enough work with bibliography 
y 
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