1906] GANONG—NASCENT FOREST OF MISCOU BEACH 99 
grasses which, owing to my imperfect knowledge of those -groups, 
I overlooked. On and among these plants occur others, among 
which I have collected the following: the eyebright, Euphrasia 
americana (E. officinalis); the bugle weed, Lycopus uniflorus (L. 
virginianus); a tiny everlasting, Antennaria neodioica; a pearlwort, 
Sagina procumbens; the plantain, Plantago major; the two common 
cinquefoils, Potentilla norvegica and Anserina; the fall dandelion, 
Leontodon autumnale; and the white clover, Trijolium repens. 
These forms, in commen with the grasses, are all greatly dwarfed 
Fic. 11.—An outer swale, looking north; in the center clumps of blue flag; on 
the slope on the left white spruce and waxberry; on the right is a low depression with 
a thicket of poplar (the white spruce among it, being on ee elevation). 
and derived from diverse habitats, and are evidently a collection 
of heterogeneous stragglers from the neighborhood, held together 
by no stronger bond than ability to eke out existence in this inhos- 
pitable position. The majority belong to somewhat moist places, 
and they find an ample supply of water; for the water- table even 
in the driest summer is within a foot of the surface, and of the 
sweetest water. E vidently it is not dryness which stunts the forms, 
but most likely, as I believe, paucity of mineral nutrients. The 
turf represents the first closed formation we have met with, and 
