118 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [avoust 
(jig. 47). The inner cells of the integument are all disorganized 7 
by the growth of the endosperm and reduced to a layer of the remain- 4 
ing walls of flattened cells. The raphe of the ovule develops into 4 — 
wing upon one side of the seed, as seen in fig. 47. In the mature q 
seed there is a coating of wax upon the surface which renders them — 
unwettable, a condition in which they remain for several weeks — 
after they have been placed in wet moss. 7 7 
Provision for the shedding of the seed is made by a deep furrow 
surrounding the raphe just at its junction with the placenta (jig. 48). 
The dehiscence of the capsule is loculicidal and is provided for by — 
a deep suture upon the external surface of the capsule wall ata 
point where the wall is traversed by a heavy vascular bundle. Dehis- 4 
cence takes place late in September or early in October, the seeds — 
are scattered gradually during many weeks by chance shaking of 4 
the scape by wind or animals. The old flower, with umbrella and a 
sepals still persisting, is often found side by side with the bloom of 4 
the following year. q 
On germination the seed is elevated above the soil or moss by 4 
growth of the hypocotyl, which is sharply bent and is the first part 
of the seedling to protrude. The tips of the cotyledons remain for 4 
some time in the seed, functioning as haustoria for the removal of the 4 
stored food of the endosperm. The tips of the cotyledons are active q 
in the removal of the endosperm both at their ends and along tell 
sides (fig. 49). The cotyledons expand to liguliform leaves about 
1°™ long (jig. 50), and persist until about the time of the formation 
of the third epicotyledonary leaf. The cotyledons develop stomata a 
_ during the process of germination and the epidermal and subepr 
dermal layers of isodiametric cells bear chlorophyll. 
DEVELOPMENT OF LEAVES. 
The stem growing-point of Sarracenia is massive and acutely 
dome-shaped in the seedling (fig. 57). There is a definite layer of 
dermatogen and a common group of initials for periblem and plerome 
The first epicotyledonary leaf arises opposite the interval betwee? 
‘the cotyledons. It is finger-shaped with a somewhat broadened 
base. On reaching a length about twice its diameter there beg!?> 
a rapid lateral outgrowth of the tissue of an 0-shaped area on the 
