136 BOTANICAL GAZETTE © [AUGUST 
various forms, and that their formation is due to a mechanical stimu- 
lus resulting from contact of the germ tube with some solid body. 
These accounts seem to have escaped entirely the notice of Amer- 
ican writers on the bitter rot, as is indicated by the many speculations 
and by the curious interpretations of the characteristic adhesion 
organs of the bitter-rot fungus and of other anthracnoses. The 
first economic account of the bitter rot appears in the Report of the 
chief of the Section of Vegetable Pathology for 1887.° Here the 
formation and germination of the appressoria are described. They 
are regarded as secondary spores, but no particular function is 
attributed to them. Excellent figures are also given on plate 3 of 
the Report of 18907. In 1891 Miss E. A. Sourawortu® published 
the most complete account of the fungus up to that time. Regarding 
the ‘“‘secondary spores” Miss SouTHWoRTH says: ‘‘ What the con- 
ditions were that decided their appearance could not be determined. 
They were produced both in nutritive media and water, but seemed 
to be especially numerous where the ends of the hyphae came in 
contact with some hard substance like the cover-glass, and in two 
cases the addition of an extra drop of nutritive medium had the effect 
of stopping their formation.” As to their function nothing is said, 
except that they are regarded as resting spores. (See mole, P. 142.) 
In 1892 HALSTED published a short account of the secondary spores of 
anthracnoses.° He extends the list of anthracnoses which produce 
these organs to twenty-five species, including members of both 
Gloeosporium and Colletotrichum. Axtwoop'? describes the Pro 
duction of “resting spores” by the bitter-rot fungus, but from his 
- figures and description it is impossible to determine whether he had 
before him the bodies in question. Other writers have followed 
these investigators in their interpretation of the peculiar adhesion 
6 ScrrBNER, F. Lamson, Bitter rot of apples. Rep. Sect. Vegt. Path. U- S. Dept- 
Agr. 1887: 348-350. 
GatLoway, B. T., Ripe rot of grapes and apples. Idem. 1890:408 
8 SourHwortH, E. A., Ripe rot of grapes and apples. Journ. Myc- 6: 164- 
173. pl. I. 1891. 
o HatsteD, B. D., The secondary spores in anthracnoses. N. J.- Agr. Exp- 
Sta. Rep. 1892: 303. 
ro ALwoop, W. B., Ripe or bitter rot of apples. Agr. Exp. Sta. Va. Bull. 49- 
1894. 
