242 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [OCTOBER 
natural phenomena the writer should make use of a lively imagina- 
tion in order to make it real to the reader; and especially because 
there is such lack of definiteness as to the forms studied, though it 
is quite evident he refers more especially to species of Amanita, pre 
sents little that is helpful to the present discussion. 
At that early period it was an important forward step to show, as 
___Durrocnet? did in 1834) that the large fungi were only the fruit 
bodies of thé plants then known as “Byssus,” which spread usually 
underground or in the substance of organic bodies; and for TROG* 
in 1837 to recognize the two different parts in the life history, the 
vegetative stage or mycelium and the fruiting stage or carpophore, 
and that this is the product of germinating spores; though MICHEL 
had stated as early as 17294 that the fruit bodies of some fungi did 
not come immediately from the seed (spores), but the seeds first pt 
duce a large root which grows for several years in the ground, and 
then gives rise to the fruit body (referring to Polyporus tuberaster). 
But during the early and middle portion of the 19th century the work 
on the morphology and anatomy of these plants, and the descriptions 
and illustrations of species, was far in advance of the work on develop- 
ment and the organization of the parts of the fruit body. Unfortu: 
nately the study of the morphology and development of the Hymeniales 
has not kept pace with the same studies in other groups of plants. 
J. Scumrrz’ studied the very early stages of five different spre 
While the work appears to be very carefully done for that early time, 
it does not meet modern requirements; and while his results perhaps 
in the main are not far out of the way for the species.studied (Ce 
tharellus sinuosus, C. tubaeformis, Cortinarius bulliardi (Pers.) Fi 
Coprinus niveus, Hydnum imbricatum), it will be seen later he ge 
led into a mistake in formulating a general law, based on — 2s 
species, to apply to the development of all the pileate fungl. 
2 Mém. 2:173. 1834. 
3 Ueber das Wachsthum der Schwimme, Flora 20:609. 1837- 
4 Nova plantarum genera 134. 1729. 
und Entwickeluns 
5 Mycologische Beobachtungen, als Beitrage zur Lebens- ape nomyecetel 
geschichte einiger Schwimme aus der Klasse der Gastromyceten un : 
Linnaea 16: 141-215. pls. 6-7. 1842. See especially the part Il, Ueber cor 
neuer Theile bei den Hymenomyceten, vorzugsweise den Pileaten. Idem 1 
