244 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [OCTOBER 
dicular direction, the upper ones grow laterally, and then bend 
abruptly downward; the ends of these cells abjoint a parenchyma 
which forms the beginning of the lamellae; the under surface of these 
young lamellae is somewhat even and has no longer any connection 
with the stroma tissue lying close beneath, which later sinks down as 
a ring. The hymenial layer opens here round about at the side.” 
A few years later® he describes the development of a number of 
additional forms, all of which were gymnocarp except one, Maras- 
mius oreades, and he remarks (p. 401) that this peculiarity of the 
internal origin of the hymenium is characteristic of many other 
Agaricaceae, as was shown in his larger work? which appeared in 
the following year. 
The work of HorrMann was followed by DEBary’s'® study of 
the development of several species of Agaricaceae and Gastromycetes, 
by Hartic’s study of Agaricus melleus,** by BREFELD’s studies 00 
species of Coprinus,?? and by the incomplete study of a large number 
of Agaricaceae by Fayop*3 nearly twenty years ago, which was the 
last serious attempt (which I have as yet seen) at a study of the 
development of the Agaricaceae. Even these few studies do not agree 
in the account of development which they give of the same or related 
species. Furthermore, they are very incomplete and unsatisfactory, 
owing either to the methods employed (freehand sections by the earher 
students), or in the scanty material at hand, which did not provide 
sufficient numbers of the early stages of development or a sufficiently 
full series of stages. 
The difficulties in method are now overcome, bu 
culties, those of obtaining sufficient material in all stages of 
ment, are still serious in the great number of species. This is 
e und Anatomie der 
t the other diffi- 
develop- 
because 
ERMANN HOFFMANN, Beitrige zur Entwickelungsgeschicht 
Agaricineen. Bot. Zeit. 18: 389-395, 397-404. pls. 13-14. 1860. oer 
9 Icones Analyticae Fungorum, Abbildungen und Beschreibungen vo? Pilzer 
besonderer Riicksicht auf Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte 1-195: pls. I 
1861 
: P 
© Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten 
66. 
‘t Wichtige Krankheiten der Waldbaume, etc. 25. 1874- 
‘2 Unters. a. d. Gesammtgebiet d. Mycol. 3:13-122- pls. I-9- 1877- VIL. 
+3 Prodrome d’une histoire naturelle des Agaricinées. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 
9:181-411. pis. 6-7. 18809. 
