1906] ATKINSON—AGARICUS CAMPESTRIS 253 
the growth in the case of the algae was at the periphery—“ explicantur 
ita, ut extremitates semper sint juniores”’ (J. c. 53). 
Then as to the relative time, or priority of the shaping of the 
different parts, Fries says (1. c. 44): “ Pileus v. c. in Agarico formatus 
est prius quam stipes pronascitur. Stipes enim pilei, cum quo con- 
tiguus, prolongatio et receptaculi pars,” 7. e., “the pileus, for example, 
in Agaricus is formed before the stipe is produced. The stipe cer- 
tainly is a prolongation of the pileus with which it is contiguous, and 
part of the receptacle.” 
J. Scumirz?! in his Mycologische Beobachtungen, as a result of 
the study of several forms, holds an entirely different view. He 
agrees that according to his own observations in many cases all parts 
of the fungus are formed and present in a very young stage. But 
he cannot understand, nor believe, that these parts are formed at 
once, that is, simultaneously with the origin of the fruit body as if 
by the touch of a fairy wand (“wie durch einen Zauberschlag,” 
p. 174). That at certain young stages all parts are to be considered 
present and yet invisible he regards as belonging to the domain of 
pure speculation, a hypothesis suited to a philosophical mode of 
Tepresentation or idealization, and not corresponding to reality. 
SCHMITZ gives an account of his studies on Cantharellus sinuosus, 
C. tubaeformis, Agaricus bulliardi Pers. (=Cortinarius bulliardt 
[Pers.] Fr.), Coprinus niveus, and Hydnum repandum, and believes 
he is justified in formulating for the pileate fungi a law of develop- 
ment as follows: “1st, that a successive formation of single parts 
or organs takes place; 2d, that this appearance of new parts rises 
upward just as gradually as in the case of the higher plants, 
in such a way that the higher standing parts naturally come to 
view later than the lower parts, that the matrix or hypothallus 
appears before the stipe, the stipe before the pileus, and the 
pileus before the hymenium.??_ In Agaricus (Crepidotus) variabilis 
2t Ueber die Bildung neuer Theile bei den Hymenomyceten, vorzugsweise den 
Pileaten. Linnaea 16:168-179. 1842. 
ees “Ich glaube also, dass man bei der Pileaten als Gesetz aufstellen darf, dass 1) 
“ine successive Bildung der einzelen Theile oder Organe vor sich gehe; 2) dass dieses 
Hervortreten der neuen Theile ebenso graduell aufwirts steige, wie bei den héhern 
Pflanzen, so naimlich, dass die héherstehenden wesentlichen spater als die untern zum 
Vorschein kommen, also die Matrix vor dem Stipes, dieser vor dem Pileus und der 
letztere (an und fiir sich) vor dem Hymenium auftrete.” 
