256 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ocroBER 
which he calls the primordial cuticle (cuticle primordiale), From 
his description the primordial cuticle varies in character and probably 
in structure also, and it is difficult to accept his conception of a pri- 
mordial cuticle as a homologous structure in the large series of forms 
to which he applies the term. For example, he recognizes three 
main types in the development of the Agaricaceae: rst, the gymno- 
carpous forms; 2d, the angiocarpous forms; 3d, the endocarpous 
forms, and the primordial cuticle is present in all except in a very 
few of the gymnocarpous forms. In the gymnocarpous forms the 
primordial cuticle consists generally of a more dense layer of tissue 
underneath which the pileogenous layer is formed. The margin of 
this becomes the border of the pileus, and as it extends laterally it 
dislocates at this point the primordial cuticle, so that the primordium 
of the hymenium which now arises is of exogenous origin, thus giving 
rise to the gymnocarpous type. Examples are Panus stipticus, 
Cantharellus cibarius, Marasmius rotula, Collybia racemosa, etc. 
Thus while DeBary believed the pileus in the gymnocarpous forms 
originated exogenously, Fayop holds that it originates endogenously; 
but in discussing farther certain other forms he admits that the pileus is 
formed in the manner indicated by DeBary, and he states that the 
discussion which he has raised here is more in regard to a principle 
than fact, and he would not have raised the question at all had it 
not been for the fact that his study of the angiocarpous forms had 
shown him the importance of the pileogenous layer. 
In many of the angiocarpous forms the primordial 
seem from his own description to be a different structure 
it is in the gymnocarpous forms, for he says: “The hyphae which 
emanate from the pileogenous layer do not reach the surface of the 
primordium. Asa consequence the primordial cuticle, which acquires 
here a very considerable thickness, preserves its integrity and con 
tinues to increase up to the time of the formation of the jamellae 
and stipe, that is, up to the second period of development.” ss 
he recognizes the primordial cuticle as identical with the univers? 
veil, and he would call it general veil (voile général), although it é 
often formed in some cases by parts also of the subjacent tissu : 
the primordium, were it not for the fact that he wishes to plat : 
in the same category as the non-integral element of the primordium 
cuticle would 
from what 
