396 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
cially on account of the structure of the peristome, whose development and 
anatomy he clears up. He also points out the relations of the peristome of the 
umiaceae and Tetraphideae to that of the Polytrichaceae. 
Dicnemonaceae (Dicnemon and Mesotus) are recognized as a natural 
group, characterized by the multicellular spores and the peculiar filamentous 
outgrowths on the leaves. which are considered as organs of water absorption. 
Both these characters and the structure of the sporophyte indicate adaptation for 
alternating dry and wet periods. 
Leptostomum has a peristome corresponding to a degenerate mniaceous 
peristome. In Eriopus a fuller description is given of the leaves and of the 
rhizoids at the base of the sporophyte than in Organographie 377. 
The symmetry of the leaves and their position on the axis is discussed at some 
length for the genera Pterygophyllum, Cyathophorum, Mittenia, Rhizogonium, 
and Orthorhynchium, and there are minor notes on sundry points. 
The development of the leaves of several species of Gottschea is shown to be 
of the same type as in Fissidens; multicellular rhizoids are described and figured; 
the absence of a perigone is correlated with the boring of the embryo sporophyte 
deep into the stem; and G. splachnophylla shows a basal elaterophore like that of 
Pelli 
ia. 
Paraphyllia were found in five genera, functioning in part for photosynthesis 
and in part for holding water. 
The “Geocalyceae” are described at length, and for them the more appro- 
priate designation marsupiferous Jungermanniales is suggested. Three types 
are discriminated: (a) Tylimanthus type (Tylimanthus, Marsupellopsis, Marsu- 
pidium), with pouch originally solid and hollowed out by the growing embryo; 
(b) Isotachis type, in which the archegonium after fertilization is surrounded by 
a ring-like wall arising from the stem tissues, which carries up the leaves; (c) the 
common type, with pouch arising after fertilization, hollow from the beginning 
(Balantiopsis, Acrobolbus, Lethocolea). There are intermediate forms between 
(a) and (c). In Acrobolbus there is even a “root-cap” on the pouch. 
Another heterophyllous Radula, R. wvifera, is described, the so-called “slender 
male spikes” of hepaticologists being here, as in R. pycnolejeunioides, composed 
of small water sacs, frequently inhabited by animalcules; whereas the antheridia 
are protected by quite different leaves. Hymenophyllum, with its slender “stalk” 
and broader “leaf” shows no constancy in this differentiation, and since Pellia, 
Preissia, Fegatella, etc., show similar forms on being grown in the dark and 
then illuminated, the author is moved to conclude that “the stalk arises . 
by autonomous etiolation”—a charming phrase which we owe to SACHS 
nevertheless a phrase which is merely a wordy cloak for ignorance. 
T imentary “leaves” of Blyttia xiphioides are organs of protection for 
the apical region. The remarkable but inconstant water sacs of Metsger@ 
saccata arise, it is said, not by a lobing of the thallus, but by ‘‘an inrolling of eee 
thallus margins from below and locally accelerated growth of isolated parts ~~ 
which latter sounds much like lobing in other words. 
but 
