424 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
The cytoplasm of the tetraspore mother cell has large alveoli, which 
pass into a finer structure at the periphery of the cell and at the nuclear 
membrane. This fine alveolar cytoplasm around the nucleus joins 
the kinoplasm, which lies directly against the nuclear membrane, at 
the four regions formerly occupied by the poles of the spindles of 
the second mitosis (fig. 160). These kinoplasmic masses extend 
along the membrane between the four lobes. Finally the membrane 
breaks down between the lobes and the kinoplasm enters the nuclear 
cavity in the form of fibrils (fig. 161), which grow slowly towards the 
center, where they finally meet around the nucleolus-like body which 
now shows signs of fragmentation. The four groups of daughter 
chromosomes, passing into a chromatin network, thus become sur- 
rounded by kinoplasm (fig. 162) and separated from one another as 
four daughter nuclei (figs. 163, 163a). During this process the 
nuceolus-like body, formerly occupying the center of the nuclear 
cavity, fragments into four or more portions, which become distrib- 
uted to the four daughter nuclei. 
The daughter nuclei and the tetraspore mother cell continue their 
growth after nuclear division, these four nuclei remaining closely 
associated with one another for a long while (jig. 165). Cleavage 
furrows have begun to form at the periphery of the cell a little before 
or after the end of nuclear division. The arrangement of these 
furrows may be compared to the six edges of four spherical tetra- 
hedrons whose apices are pointed towards the center of the tetraspore 
mother cell. The cleavage furrows slowly grow inward (jigs. I 65; 
165a), and finally meet at the center of the mother cell between the 
four daughter nuclei, thus dividing the protoplast into tetraspores. 
The mechanism of the cell division by cleavage furrows is similar 
to that of the vegetative cells, 7. e., the furrow is assisted in its growth 
inward by the fusion of the small vacuoles. 
Throughout the whole process of tetraspore formation the mother 
cell remains connected with the stalk cell by a strand of protoplasm, 
and probably obtains nourishment through this strand, since the 
developing tetraspores increase greatly in size. 
ABNORMALITIES. 
Normally the male and female organs and tetraspores are found 
on three different individuals, but it often happens that antheridia and 
