452 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
acetabulum (BAUR :01, :04), Anaptychia ciliaris, Lecanora subjusca, 
Endocar pon miniatum, Gyro phora cylindrica, Cladonia pyxidata (BAUR 
:04), Peritusaria communis, Pyrenula nitida (BAUR :01),and Boudiera 
Clausseni (CLAUSSEN :05) represent the only forms thus far described 
in which the ascocarp is developed in connection with several 
ascogonia. As described below, Thecotheus also possesses a com- 
pound ascogonial apparatus from which the fructification originates. 
II. In certain Pyrenomycetes ascocarp formation is apparently 
independent of sexual organs, being initiated by the formation of a 
parenchymatous mass of tissue, which is formed by the division of a 
single hyphal cell of the mycelium, as in Teichospora and Teichospor- 
ella (Miss NicHoLs ’96) and also in Pleospora (BAUKE ’77). 
From the above list, selecting the best investigated forms which 
have a simple ascocarp, we find Dipodascus, Thelebolus, Gy ; 
Sphaerotheca, Erysiphe, Phyllactinia, Ryparobius, Ascobolus, 
Humaria, and Monascus. Those having a compound apothecium 
are several species of lichens (in which, according to Baur, several 
hundred carpogonia in some cases may be present in a single apothe- 
cium), Pyronema, Boudiera, and Thecotheus. 
JUEL (:02) has studied the nuclear phenomena in Dipodascus. 
The sexual organs arise as short outgrowths of two neighboring cells, 
each gamete containing several nuclei. After the organs fuse, the 
walls between break down and the nuclei of the antheridium pass into 
the oogonium, which grows into a single ascus containing a large 
fusion nucleus and several smaller nuclei. Although Juet was unable 
to make out the details of spore delimitation, he claims that the 
appearance of the cytoplasm indicates that the spores are formed by 
free cell formation about the descendants of the fusion nucleus, 
while the remaining nuclei, which did not fuse in the oogonium, lie 
scattered in the epiplasm. The actual process of nuclear fusion was 
not observed. 
Miss DALE (:03) describes a sexual fusion of gamete cells in 
Gymnoascus Reessii and G. candidus. The oogonia and antheridia 
are of more or less separated origin. BARKER (:03), IKENO (:03), 
KUYPER (:04, :05), and OLIVE (:05) have investigated Monascus. 
BARKER’s and OLIve’s accounts differ somewhat from that of IKENO. 
These two authors describe the ascogenous hyphae of Monascus 
