460 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
FAULL (:05) in a cytological study particularly of Hydnobolites 
sp., Neotiella albocincta, and Sordaria jfimicola finds also numerous 
cases in which the ascus does not arise from the penultimate cell 
of the recurved tip of the ascogenous hypha, as originally described 
by DaNncEarD. Such is invariably the case in only eleven out of the 
thirty-six species studied. In some species he claims that the asci 
bud out from the penultimate cells of the ascogenous hyphae, in 
others from the terminal cells, and in a few cases apparently from any 
cell. The uninucleate state of the ascus is preceded by a fusion 
of two nuclei, which may be sister nuclei. The centrosome and asters 
are extranuclear in origin, while the spindles are intranuclear. 
Enucleate portions of spores may be cut off, as in Podospora. 
FavLt’s description of spore formation is particularly interesting, 
as it differs entirely from that described by Harper. The spindle 
fibers elongate, bringing the daughter nuclei to the periphery of the 
sporeplasm, with their centrosomes in contact with the plasma mem- 
brane. The spores are delimited about each nucleus by the differ- 
entiation of a hyaline, finely granular protoplasm, which begins at 
the centrosome and finally entirely encloses the sporeplasm. The 
plasma membrane is subsequently formed from or in this hyaliae 
area, and concurrently with this a second membrane is formed in 
contact with the first, lining the cavity in which the spore is to lie. 
FAULL suggests that the membrane may arise by a cleavage in the 
limiting area, caused by its growth and differentiation, together with 
a pull on the part of the nucleus. Both plasma membranes are 
intimately concerned in laying down the exospore. He can find no 
evidence that the astral rays fuse to form a membrane which cuts 
out the sporeplasm. FAutt also favors the view which homologizes 
the ascus with the zoosporangium of the Oomycetes, as an argument 
in favor of the origin of the Ascomycetes from the Oomycetes. 
FauLt (:06) also concludes that the ascus of the Laboulbenia- 
ceae contains a fusion nucleus which divides by three successive 
divisions. The process of spore formation is, as he states, essen- 
tially the same as he has described for other Ascomycetes. 
In Humaria granulata BLACKMAN and FRASER (:06) find that the 
asci are usually developed from the subterminal cells of the recurved 
tips of the ascogenous hyphae. In two cases they found asci 
