1909.] STRAND PLANTS OF NEW JERSEY. 73 



grass, Ammophila arenaria (Plate II, Fig. i), which anchors the 

 sand, the beach pea, Lathyrus maritimus, Hudsonia tomentosa 

 (Plate II, Fig. 2), Solidago sempervirens, Euphorbia polygoni- 

 folia, the wax berry, Myrica carolinensis, poison ivy, Rhus radicans, 

 beach plum, Primus maritima, and Virginia creeper, Ampelopsis 

 (Parthenocissus) quinque folia. 



The thicket formation (Plate III, Fig. 3), as it exists on the 

 New Jersey strand consists in some places entirely of shrubs, in 

 other places, it is composed of trees which form a characteristic 

 forest growth. The vanguard of this thicket consists of cedars, 

 Juniperus virginiana, which never rise above the level of the dunes 

 among which they grow. Young trees in the dune hollows are 

 spire-shaped, but upon the tops reaching the general level of the 

 dune summits, they become flat-topped and incline in a direction 

 opposite to the prevailing wind. The following species enter into 

 the thicket formation throughout coastal New Jersey: Juniperus 

 virginiana, Q. nana {=Q. ilicifolia), Q. lyrata, Q. obtusiloba 

 (=Q. minor), Q. phellos, Pinus rigida. Sassafras officinale, Dio- 

 spyros virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica, Acer rubruni, Magnolia glauca 

 {=M. virginiana) , and as secondary species in the form of shrubs 

 Rhus copallina, Pruntis maritima, Vaccinium atrococcuni, V. corym- 

 bosum, Myrica carolinensis and such lianes as Vitis Labrusca, V. 

 cestivalis, Ampelopsis quinque folia, Rhus radicans together with 

 a host of herbaceous species mentioned in former papers. 



Geographically there are two regions of salt marshes along the 

 New Jersey coast, viz., that of the northern coast, north of the 

 head of Barnegat Bay and that of the south and middle coast along 

 Barnegat Bay and southward to Cape May. The salt marshes on 

 the north coast are confined to the shores of the rivers which man- 

 age to cut their way through the sand barriers in order to reach 

 the ocean. They are, therefore, comparatively circumscribed in 

 area and are, as a rule, narrow strips bordering the tidal channels 

 of the seaward-flowing streams. The salt marshes, however, south 

 of Bay Head widen out into extensive expanses of flat, featureless 

 character cut by numerous tidal channels (Plate III, Fig. 4). Those 

 north of Barnegat Inlet nowhere exceed a mile in width, while south 



