Use of Auxiliary Verbs in Romance Languages. ii 



Haber. Tener. 



Quando juntas com subita alegria Poder nao teve a morte . . . I. 14 



Houverani vista da ilha namo- Por armas tein adargas . . . . I. 47 



rada IX. 51 



Piloto aqui tereis. 



Tempo concertado e ventos tinha I. 95 

 Nao teve resistencia .... II. 69 

 O tu que so tiveste piedade . II. 105 

 O tu que tens humano o gesto III. 127 



As I have not had the opportunity to gather instances 

 from a later period of the Portuguese language, I cannot give, 

 the exact date of the complete disappearance of haver as 

 used to indicate possession. The sixteenth century and the 

 beginning of the seventeeth may be assigned both for Spanish 

 and Portuguese as the declining period of haber, though the 

 change of this verb appears to have been slower in Portu- 

 guese than in Spanish. 



Such has been the history of Jiaber and haver, tencr and ter 

 considered by themselves. It will now be shown that, con- 

 sidered as mere auxiliaries, they have passed through nearly 

 the same process of development ; that is to say, tener is used 

 to form the compound tenses in Spanish alongside with haber, 

 and ter supersedes almost entirely haver in Portuguese. 



Vida de Santa Maria Egipciaca. 



Tanto la avia el dial^lo comprisa. 

 Dexare aquesta vida. 

 Que mucha la he mantenida. 

 Quando hovo fecho su Jornada. 



El Libre d^Appo/onio. 



Por el amor que yo tengo estab- 



lecido contigo. 

 Des aqui adelante lograr quiero 



lo que tengo ganado .... 649 



Poema de Alexandra Afagno. 



El infante quando ovo su cosa Pora en Pentapolim lo tengo es- 



acabada 147 leido. 



Quando todas tierras ovo en paz Que esso que tu dices tenia yo es- 



tornadas 223 mado 1840 



41 



