Sounds and Injlcctioiis of the Cyprian Dialect. 21 



Deecke's earlier reading in Coll. 41 is no longer maintained 

 by him ; see Bezz. Beitr., xi., p. 317. 



Spitzer's conclusion with regard to the above forms 

 (whether he had them all before him is doubtful) is this. 

 Those in -ai, while used as datives, he considers may be 

 morphologically either locative or dative formations. Both 

 these formations, he holds, were in case of -d- stems originally 

 the same, the locative -di arising from primitive d+i, the 

 dative -di from d+ai. Either of these, according to Spitzer, 

 must develop to -d in Arcadian or Cyprian. The forms in -ai 

 on the other hand he takes as locatives and as ending in -di. 

 This -di he regards not as a primitive locative formation, but 

 as developed secondarily from the primitive locative termina- 

 tion -di (for d+i), after the analogy of the locatives in -01 

 from -o- stems {e.g. o'Uol). This may be expressed by the 

 proportion : 



o'lKW : o'lkoi : : rvya : rvyjii. 



Against Spitzer's theory must be urged 



i) There is no evidence that the -d- stems ever formed a 

 locative in d+i, which might give -di. {Cf. Meyer, Gi-. Gr.^ 

 § 351.) Hence the locatives in -di from -d- stems are not 

 the successors of an earlier locative formation in -di, but are 

 best explained as entirely new formations. This being the 

 case, the Cyprian forms in -d- could originate only from 

 a dative -di, not from a locative -di. They are therefore 

 datives. 



2) If we view the forms in -ai as locatives {i.e. as ending 

 in di), we shall have the anomaly of the locative taking on 

 the function of the dative, and being used in precisely the 

 same phrases and formulas, along with the continued use of 

 the dative itself. The improbability of this fact is sufficiently 

 great. Wherever one inflectional form takes on the function 

 of another, it is to the exclusion of the latter, at least in the 

 same function. Thus Arcadian ep'yoL, locative used as dative, 

 has supplanted ep'yw ; ^a/nldi similarly has supplanted ^afilni. 

 So also Attic relxvi dual (borrowed from plu.), has taken its 



151 



