30 Hany K. Wolfe, 



The answers of the seventy-four pupils who were found to 

 be more or less deficient in color-discrimination have been 

 excluded from the preceding tables. For the purpose of 

 comparison these results are given at length in Table IV. 

 No mistakes were made in black or white ; hence they are 

 omitted from the table. 



It has long been held that name tests are of little value in 

 the investigation of color-blindness ; but, as far as I know, 

 this table contains the only statistics on the manner of desig- 

 nating the common types actually employed by those defi- 

 cient in the sense of color. It is evident from the table, that 

 by this method the detection of defects would be very difficult. 

 Boys with normal eyes named correctly nearly sixty-two per 

 cent of the tests. Boys more or less color-blind named cor- 

 rectly about forty-four per cent. Curiously enough, even 

 this small difference is not particularly prominent in the 

 colors for which the color-blind eyes are especially defective. 

 Nearly all were deficient in red, or green, or both ; very few 

 in blue or yellow ; yet red was named nearly as well as blue, 

 and green nearly as well as yellow. Defective vision is, per- 

 haps, most clearly shown in naming pink. Much lighter 

 than the red, it doubtless escaped recognition by many. 

 This is especially noticeable in the four white and one gray 

 answers ; scarcely less so in the thirteen answers falling to 

 blue, green, and yellow, and in the eight blanks. Gray was 

 called green by seven children, and green was called by some 

 red, pink, brown, or drab. On the whole, the blanks are only 

 slightly more numerous than with normal children ; yet green, 

 pink, brown, and drab occur much more frequently in the 

 answers of those with abnormal vision. 



This table indicates in a measure the difficulty of detecting 

 defects in the color-sense. It also shows the possibility of 

 those who are color-blind learning to associate names with 

 well-saturated, typical colors. Of course this last fact 

 explains why so few ever recognize a defect in their sense 

 of color. 



234 



