6 George E. Hozvard, 



miniature state, without whose performance she cannot exist, 

 is the preservation of order within her own Hmits.^ The clan 

 chief, or his prototype, the patriarch, thus becomes an official 

 magistrate to whom belong jurisdiction and the duty of war- 

 ranty or protection. Whoever injures a clansman violates 

 his nmnd^ the peace of the clan ; and, if need be, he may 

 summon the clansmen to avenge the wrong. But if one of 

 the kin be the aggressor, the chief and all the clan must bear 

 the feud or produce the offender. The blood feud thus loses 

 its individual character — it "rages" legally only between 

 different clans. ^ The inter-clan feud assumes the dignity, so 

 to speak, of international war. 



wandtschaft, die Sippe. Sippe und sabha sind sprachidentisch. Nun aber heisst 

 in der Sutraperiode das Gerichtshazts : sabha" : Leist, Alt-Arisches Jus Geniiu7?i, 

 360. Cf. Schrader, Sprachvcrgleichimg und Urgeschichte, 394; Dahn, Deutsche 

 Geschichte, I, 185; Schade, Altdciitschcs lVdrterbuch,\\, 75S; Lanman's Sanskrit 

 Reader, 267. See also the next note. 



^ " . . . sibja bedeutet zugleich Sippe und Friede, zum deutlichen Beweise, 

 dass urspriinglich der Rechtsschutz auf die Sippe beschrankt, der Ungesippe 

 rechtlos, schutzlos war (hospes = hostis) : nur der religiose und sittliche Schild 

 des Gastrechts, nicht der Schutz des Volksrechts, dessen der Fremde nicht fahig 

 war, schirmte ihn. Innerhalb der Sippe freilich sollte unverbriichlicher Friede 

 walten : nicht im Waffengang der Fehde, nur im Rechtsgang sollte Strait der 

 Gesippen geschlichtet warden, indem wohl von jeher das Haupt der Sippe den 

 Bann, die Gasippan die Urtheilsfindung ubtan. Gawaltthat unter Gesippen gait 

 als so argar Frevel wider Religion, Sitta und Recht, dass die Gotterdiimmerung, 

 d. h. die innara Auflosung aller sittlichen Bande in dar Uberhandnahmanden Var- 

 letzung des Sippefriadans wia vorbereitet so herbeigefiihrt gaschaut wird " : Dahn, 

 Deutsche Geschichte, I, 1 85-6. Every social union has peace for its object: cf. 

 the interesting remarks of Wilda, Str.ifrecht, 225-6; and Meyer, Institutions 

 Judiciaires, I, 41 ff. 



- The original meaning of viiind seams to be hand, but in the laws it is used 

 in this sense only in the plural : Schmid, Glossar, 634. This derivation identifies 

 the word with the Roman vianiis, and it was first suggested by Grimm, Rcchtsal- 

 terthiinier, 447. Waitz, Verfassungsgeschichte, I, 55, regards mund as equivalent 

 in meaning to patria potcstas, and this was also suggested by Grimm. The view 

 of Waitz is supported by Kohlar, Zeitschrift, VI, 321 ; but Leist, Alt-Arisches 

 yus Gentium, 586, denies that the identity of the two institutions is universal 

 among the Aryan peoples. Cf. also Stubbs, Const. Hist., I, 181. 



^ Of course, the prosecution of the blood-feud might exist among the nearest 

 kindred; but only, it would seem, in defiance, or in abeyance, of the authority of 

 the clan-chief; and it entailed a curse upon the race. Such is the significance of 

 the fate of the Attridx as described in the Trilogy of ^Flschylos : see this worked 



240 



