Orthopteroid Insects of Philippine Islands 5 



chitinized, not horny. Inner lobe of maxilla with four 

 apical teeth. Viviparous. [African.] 



Suborder Hemimerina. 

 cc. Fully winged or apterous. The wings, when present, four in 

 number, the anterior pair corneous, the hind pair membranous, 

 complicately folded and tucked beneath the former. Not 

 parasitic. Cerci modified into strongly chitinized horny for- 

 ceps. Inner lobe of the maxilla provided with four apical 

 teeth. Oviparous Suborder Forficulina. 



Key to the Families of Cockroaches 

 (After R. Shelford) 



A. Femora spined beneath. 



b. Last ventral segment of the female large, without valves. 



c. Supra-anal lamina of both sexes usually transverse, narrow. 

 Wings when present provided with an apical field, ulnar vein 

 simple or bifurcate. Posterior femora usually sparsely armed 



with spines beneath Ectobiidae. 



cc. Supra-anal lamina of both sexes more or less produced, triangu- 

 lar or emarginate. Wings, when present, with or without a 

 triangular apical field, ulnar vein ramose. Posterior femora 

 usually strongly spined beneath. 

 d. Supra-anal lamina of both sexes triangular, entire. Cerci 

 projecting considerably beyond this lamina. 

 e. Pronotum and tegmina smooth. The radial vein of the 

 wings usually giving off to the anterior margin several 

 parallel costal veins. Tarsi provided with pulvilli. 



Phyllodromiidae. 

 ee. Pronotum and tegmina covered with a silky pile. The 

 radial vein of the wings giving off to the anterior 

 margin irregular costal veins. Tarsi provided with pul- 

 villi Nyctiboridae. 



dd. Supra-anal lamina of the male more or less quadrate, with 

 obtuse angles, of the female broadly rounded or lobate. 

 Cerci not projecting beyond this lamina. Tarsi with dis- 

 tinct pulviUi. The ulnar vein of the wings emitting par- 

 allel branches towards the dividing vein. . . . Epilampridae. 

 bb. The last ventral abdominal segment of the female provided with 



valves Periplanetidae. 



AA. Femora unarmed beneath (a few exceptions). 



b. Supra-anal lamina of both sexes more or less produced, its pos- 

 terior margin notched. 

 c. Claws furnished with a distinct arolium Panchloridae. 



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