26 Ethel Lee Hozvie 



bishop of Chartres^^" and on July 7 by Barere,"' Lally-Tolendal/^* 

 Biauzat/^^ and Bousmard.^^^ 



On July 7 the debate opened, Talleyrand explaining the motion 

 he had made July 3. He began by giving definitions of a bailliage, 

 a deputy, a mandate and various kinds of instructions. " A bail- 

 liage/' he explained, " is a part of the whole having the right to 

 concur in the wish of the whole. A deputy is one charged with 

 doing for the bailliage what it had the right to do to make its 

 wishes known. ... A mandate is a document containing the in- 

 structions given to a deputy so that he can deliberate for the bail- 

 liage ; it is an act which substitutes his person, his will, his con- 

 science for the wishes of all the inhabitants of the bailliage, .... 

 Two kinds of mandates exist ; first, the limited ; second, the im- 

 perative. . . . [There were] three kinds of limiting instructions; 

 concerning duration, concerning an object and concerning the time 

 in which certain things could be considered, as in the case of a tax. 

 Some bailliages have provided that instructions expire at the end 

 of the year " ; some instructions, he explained, stated that the 

 deputies could vote on certain questions only, but that their in- 

 action could not cause the inaction of other deputies. " If he does 

 not have the power to do such a thing, he must ask new instruc- 

 tions from his constituents." The most common limitation, how- 

 ever, was " concerning the time when a deputy could deliberate 

 on certain questions, as in the case of a tax which could be voted 

 only after the constitution had been made." A distinction was 

 then made between the limiting and imperative instructions. The 

 latter were also divided into three classes ; first, " I order you to 

 say such a thing, or to keep from saying something; second, I 

 order you to vote only in such a case ; third, I order you to retire 

 if such a thing is not adopted." Talleyrand said that none of 



^^'^ Bulletins de I'assemhlee nationale, July 3. 



'^'^'' Point du jour, I, 130; Bulletins de I'assemhlee nationale, July 7. 



'^'^^ Bulletins de I'assemhlee nationale, July 7; Point du jour, I, 132; 

 Duquesnoy, Journal, I, 168; Assemblee nationale, I, 395. 



'^'^^ Point du jour, I, 130; Bulletins de I'assemhlee nationale, July 7; As- 

 scmhlee nationale, I, 392; Journal de Paris, No. 190, 855 (July 9), says 

 ten or twelve deputies spoke. 



^^° Bulletins de I'assemhlee nationale, July 7; Duquesnoy, Journal, I, 168. 



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