INTRODUCTION. 77 



before he was aware of the existence of the Weiner 

 Verzeichniss. Adopting the views of Mr. Macleay, 

 he endeavoured to work out on this basis a circular 

 arrangement of the lepidopterous order, and ac- 

 cordingly divided it into the five following sections, 

 namely, Papilionidse, Sphingidaa, Bombycida?, Noc- 

 tuidaa, and Phalsenida?. The small portion of his 

 work hitherto published is almost entirely confined 

 to the diurnal Lepidoptera, and we have accordingly 

 spoken of it in one of the volumes of this series de- 

 voted to that section ; but he supposes that the 

 other primary sections admit of a corresponding 

 division into five types of form. Thus among the 

 Sphingidae, these are thought to be represented by 

 Zygasna, Macroglossa, Smerinthus, Acherontia, and 

 Sphinx. Among the Bombycidae, the five predo- 

 minating forms are: — 1. Fasciculatas, such as the 

 genera Arctia and Laria ; 2. Verticillataa, exampli- 

 fied by Saturnia; 3. Pilosas, as in Lasiocampa; 



4. Lignivorae, typified by Hepialus, Cossus, &c. ; 



5. Cuspiclataa, represented by Notodonta. The Noc- 

 tuidas are divided in a similar manner, but we are 

 so imperfectly acquainted with the larvae of many of 

 these, that the grouping is professedly provisional : 

 — 1. Nudae, as in Agrotis, Polia, &c. ; 2. Fusiformes, 

 typified by Lithosia ; 3. Fasiatae ; 4. Ciliatae, exem- 

 plified by Catocala ; 5. Semigeometraa, as in Plusia. 

 A like number of dominating forms, to which all 

 the others are supposed to be referrible, is thought 

 to be exhibited by the Phalaenidre; viz. — 1. Semi- 

 noctuales (Phal. margaritaria) ; 2. Geometrae ; 

 3. Pyralido? ; 4. Tortrices ; 5. Tinea?. 



