1900. | GROTE—THE DESCENT OF THE PIERIDS. A 
opposite cross-vein ; more generalized than Phulia by the four- 
branched radius and J7/2 still from cross-veins. 
Gen. Mancipium Hiibn., 1806. 
Type: M. brassicze. 
Mancipium brassice. Grote, Mitt. a. d. Roem. Mus., 8, Vaf. i, 
Fig. 4 (neuration). 
The validity of this genus seems to depend upon the fact, that in 
’ my preparations the short fork, A3 of Pzervzs, has disappeared. Dr. 
Chapman informs me that in material examined by him the vein- 
let still shows itself. Zancipium is then a Preris with sometimes 
three-branched radius. It shows that there exists a: tendency in 
Pieris to lose R3; the individuals not reproducing the vein are 
specialized, those repeating it relatively generalized. The genus 
stands on a very uncertain footing and should probably be dropped ; 
it can only be used with any separate meaning for a part of the ma- 
terial of the typical species. Pontia daphdice, usually mixed with 
Pieris, may owe its similarity, I have ventured to urge, to converg- 
ence and belong really to the line Anthocharini. The generic 
title Mancipium covers the Preris of the future, not of the present 
day, since any /Pverzs discarding the short veinlet #3 would be- 
come thereby equally entitled to be referred to it. From the neura- 
tion, I cannot distinguish Ponta from Mancipium. 
Gen. Preris Schrank, 18o1. 
cby pera r. rape. 
Pieris rape. Grote, Mitt. a. d. Roem. Mus., 8, Taf. i, Fig. 5 
(neuration). 
Radius four-branched, 2 from above cell before cross-vein, 
#3 a very short fork before apices. Discal cross-vein shrunken ; 
Mx from radius, (4/2 radial, quite close to upper angle of the 
cell. Fork to second anal at base distinct. Hind wings with 
humeral spur turned outwardly; no subcostal cell, but the vein 
seems to show a cleavage, its remnant. Discal cross-vein also 
medially deteriorate ; 7/2 radial. 
Pieris napi. 
Agrees closely with the preceding, but the second radial is ad- 
vanced nearer the cross-vein (emulating Z7ifurcula). The fork 
#3 is still shorter, quite minute and I should expect it to be occa- 
