1900.] ROSENGARTEN—AMERICAN HISTORY. 141 
Eelking, Leben und Wirken des Herzoglich Braunschweigschen 
General Lieutenants Friedrich Adolph von Riedese/, Leipzig, 1856, 
3 vols. (Stone's translation was printed by Munsell in Albany.) 
Esbeck, Zwebriicken, 1793. 
Friedrich Kapp, Der Soldatenhandel Deutschen Fiirsten nach 
Amerika, Berlin, 1864, and a second edition, 1874. His Life of 
Steuben and that of De Kalb were printed, the former in Berlin, 
1858, and the latter in Stuttgart in 1862, and both in English 
in New York subsequently. His Geschichte der Deutschen in Staate 
New York, N. Y., 1869. His Friedrich der Grosse und die Ver- 
einigten Staaten von Amerika, Leipzig, 1871. 
Ferdinand Pfister, Der ordamerikamsche Unabhingigketts 
Krieg, Kassel, 1864. 
An anonymous pamphlet, /rzedrich [7 und die neuere Geschichte 
Schretben, etc., Melsungen und Kassel, 1879, was translated (in 
an abridged form) and printed, with portraits of the two Electors 
of Hesse Cassel, father and son, who sent their soldiers to America 
under treaty with Great Britain, in Zhe Pennsylvania Magazine 
of History and Biography in July, 1899. Besides its defense of the 
Hessian princes on the ground that their alliance was in con- 
formity with their traditional and historical codperation with Great 
Britain, and a desperate and successful war in behalf of Protestant 
liberty against French tyranny and Romanism and the free-thinking 
Voltairianism of Frederick the Great of Prussia, it is of interest 
from its demonstration of the falsity of Seume’s Autobiography, and 
from its denial of the authenticity of the pretended letter of the 
Elector of Cassel, urging his general not to cure sick and wounded 
Hessian soldiers, as the dead ones returned more profit to their 
Landesvater! It is somewhat odd that this very letter should be 
claimed for Franklin as one of his literary burlesques by Tyler in 
his Literary History of the American Revolution (see Vol. ii, pp. 
377, 8-80), while Bigelow in his Life of Franklin (Vol. ii, p. 393) 
and in his Works of Franklin (Vol. v, pp. 224 and 243, and Vol. 
vi, pp. 4-8), says it was written by Franklin not long after his 
arrival in France, in the latter part of 1776, and ‘‘is in some 
respects the most powerful of all the satirical writings of Franklin, 
equaled only by Swift in evolving both the horror and the derision 
of mankind.’’ Franklin, in a letter to John Winthrop, sends from 
Paris on May 1, 1777, ‘‘ one of the many satires that have appeared 
on this occasion’’—7z. ¢., the sale of soldiers by German princes. 
