542 HASTINGS—POLICE POWER OF THE STATE. [June 19, 
That court reversed the case and held that the Louisiana statute, 
in attempting to exact a penalty for transacting business otherwise 
lawful merely because it was done with citizens of the United States 
outside of Louisiana, was unconstitutional. The court says, opin- 
ion by the chief justice, that the statute is 
‘a violation of the fourteenth amendment and of the federal constitu- 
tion in that it deprives the defendants of their liberty without due pro- 
cess of law.’”’ .... “‘ The liberty mentioned in that amendment means 
not only the right of the citizen to be free from mere physical restraint 
of his person, but the term is deemed to embrace the right of the citizen 
to be free in the enjoyment of all his faculties, to be free to use them in 
all lawful ways, to live and work where he will, to earn his liveli- 
hood by any lawful calling, to pursue any livelihood or avocation, and 
for that purpose to enter into all contracts which may be proper or 
necessary and essential of his carrying out to a successful conclusion the 
purposes above mentioned.” . 
“But we do not intend to hold that in no such case can the state exer- 
cise its police power. When and how far such a power may be legiti- 
mately exercised with regard to these subjects must be left for determi- 
nation to each case as it arises.” 
In Gladsdon vs. Minnesota’ a statute of that state requiring 
railroad companies to stop every regular passenger train at all 
county seats on their lines, so as to let out and take on passengers, 
was held valid and not unreasonable with an extended citation of 
cases by Justice Gray. He distinguishes the case from Illinois Cen- 
tral Ry. Co. vs. Illinois by the fact that the requirement in that 
case was unreasonable and operated directly as a detention of inter- 
state traffic. 
Davis vs. Massachusetts? upholds the city ordinance of Boston 
prohibiting public speaking on public squares without a permit 
from the mayor. The court declined to consider any question of 
reasonableness or unreasonableness of such arrangements of the 
city in reference to its own parks. 
In the 1897 term of the federal court there were seventeen cases 
involving the police power directly, and many others more or less 
indirectly involving it. It is not possible to even summarize them 
here. They introduced no modifications of doctrine, but many 
new applications. In Holden vs, Hardy® is one of the most inter- 
1766 U7. Sis 427 (1897)): 2767 U. S., 43 (1897). 
2769 U. S., 366. 
