1900. J SHUFELDT—OSTEOLOGY OF THE WOODPECKERS. 583 
just within their borders, one behind the other down the line. 
The frontal region between the rims of the orbits above is but 
moderately broad, and barely concaved. 
A nasal bone in the skull of the young Co/apées has the usual 
form seen among the higher passerine types; it is of the holorhinal 
pattern, and makes the usual articulations with the surrounding 
bones. As the bird matures a diminutive process is seen to appear 
upon its posterior margin between the anterior apex of the frontal 
and an abutting process thrown up on the part of the corresponding 
maxillo-palatine. Anteriorly it sends a jagged horn of some size 
forward into the anterior rhinal space. A true lacrymal does not 
develop in Colaptes. The pars plana is large, very complete and 
of a quadrilateral outline. Postero-externally it sends backward 
from its angle a long, pointed os uncinatum that normally bears 
upon the zzner side of the jugal bar. Co/affes, agreeing with all 
our United States Prezd@, exhibits considerable ossification of the 
turbinal series of bones, although there is a marked simplicity of the 
arrangement of them. One turbinal seems to be /vee upon either 
side, both in this and in other species. Parker has paid consider- 
able attention to the turbinals of the Pecz, and in briefly alluding 
to what he saw in other species, in the ninth edition of the Z7cy- 
clopedia Britannica (article ‘‘ Birds,’’ p. 717), he says that ‘‘ the 
‘inferior turbinal,’ which has ¢#ree coils in Rhea and Tinamus and 
zwo in most birds, is in Gecénus merely bi-alate ; in /wx it makes 
less than a single turn, whilst the alinasal turbinal of that bird has 
two turns and that of Gecimus one. Gecinus is in all respects the 
most specialized, Pcumnus the most embryonic and /unx the 
most passerine of the Celeomorphe.”’ 
In adult specimens of Co/afées the interorbital septum is usually 
entire, though it often shows a very minute central vacuity. When 
we come to examine other species of Woodpeckers, later on, we 
will see that this foramen in them is larger and more constant. 
The infraorbital bar or zygoma is made up entirely of the jugal 
and maxillary, the quadrato-jugal not being present. It is straight 
and slender, being abruptly enlarged at the posterior or jugal ex- 
tremity, where it is hooked inward to articulate with the quadrate. 
Nestling Colaptes show the development of a fine pair of orbito- 
sphenoids, occupying their usual sites at the back of the orbits; 
and within these cavities, above either orbito-sphenoid, we observe 
the free edge of the frontal showing its advancing ossification. At 
