1900.] SHUFELDT—-OSTEOLOGY OF THE WOODPECKERS. 591 
Woodpeckers of this genus, and they all present essentially the 
main cranial characters alike. 
Fic. 3. Right lateral view, life size, of the skull of the Imperial Woodpecker 
mandible removed; same specimen as shown in Fig. 2. 
Ceophleus pileatus is a very large Woodpecker, and the sole 
represenative of its genus in this country. Its skull and associated 
parts present us with a number of characters of interest, some of 
which are different from those discussed in Co/aptes and Melanerpes 
(see Fig. 1). Two skeletons of this pileated Woodpecker are 
before me, and both are from adult males. One of them has a skull 
eight centimetres long by nearly three centimetres wide at its widest 
part over the quadrates. Viewing it from above, we are struck by 
the great width of the superior osseous mandible, especially at its 
base. This part of the skull is much compressed from above 
downward—a fact which has its due effect upon the form of the 
external narial apertures. The frontal region slopes gradually 
down upon the premaxillary over the cranio-facial hinge. As in 
Colaptes, the gutters for the accommodation of the ends of the 
hyoid are very distinct, and that apparatus passes to the right nos- 
tril, as in the form we have just mentioned. For the rest, on this 
aspect of the skull in the Pileated Woodpecker, we find a hand- 
somely rounded cranial case, which is pitted all over the parietal 
and postfrontal regions in a manner already noted for other forms 
above. Looked at from behind, we note a well-marked supra- 
occipital prominence, while farther along, on either hand, the 
tympanic bulle are unusually well developed, having the picine 
character of these parts brought up to their comparative maximum 
size. Coming to the infraorbital bar, we find it composed only of 
the jugal and maxillary, the two forming a straight, stout rod, 
which is laterally compressed, and enlarged and hooked .at its 
