1900.] SHUFELDT—OSTEOLOGY OF THE WOODPECKERS. 597 
palatine spur, and further along on the edge of the palatine, ante- 
rior to the interpalatine spine, we fine a thread-like retral process, 
which condition is similar to what Parker saw in Gee¢nus viridis 
and other picine types on Jdo¢th sides. 
Maxillo-palatine lobes are very small, and upon either side 
they are even markedly well separated from the corresponding 
palatine. 
In Picotdes the ends of the thyro-hyals of the hyoidean appara- 
tus seem to extend no farther forward than a point opposite the 
cranio-facial hinge; while, with respect to its mandible, it only 
need be said that in it the symphysis is deep, and the posterior 
angular processes especially well produced for a Woodpecker. 
There is no ramal fenestra present. 
Macgillivray, in speaking of the arrangement of the hyoidean 
extension over the skull in United States Pyez, in Audubon’s Lzras 
ef America (Vol. iv, pp. 288-289), says: 
‘In Picus varius the tips of the horns of the hyoid bone reach 
only to the upper edge of the cerebellum, or the middle of the 
occipital region. 
“In Picus pubescens they do not proceed farther forward than 
opposite to the centre of the eye. 
“‘In Picus principalis they reach to a little before the anterior 
edge of the orbit, or the distance of half an inch from the right 
nostril. 
“In Pricus pileatus they extend to half way between the ante- 
rior edge of the orbit and the nostril. 
“In Picus erythrocephalus they reach to three-twelfths of an 
inch from the base of the bill. 
“‘In Picus tridactylus they reach the base of the ridge of the 
upper mandible. 
‘In Picus auratus they attain the base of the right nasal mem- 
brane. 
““In Picus canadensis they curve round the right orbit to op- 
posite the middle of the eye beneath. 
“Lastly, in Pécws véllosus they receive the maximum of their 
development and curve round the right orbit, so as to reach the 
level of the posterior angle of the eye.”’ 
This agrees very well indeed with the present writer’s observa- 
tions, but Macgillivray did not seem to take into consideration the 
fact that the ends of the hyoid exhibit wo inclinations—one as in 
