610 SHUFELDT— OSTEOLOGY OF THE WOODPECKERS. [Oct. 5, 
species is tuberous and the pneumatic foramina upon its anterior 
face large. A coracoid lends but a limited share of the articular sur- 
face for the head of the humerus, but a large, subtriangular facet is 
seen upon the scapula for that purpose. 
In Melanerpes torguatus the same general characters as we have 
described obtain, but, as we would naturally expect, the several ele- 
ments of the arch possess a peculiar facies of their own. A blade 
of a scapula, for instance, is vertically compressed, while its en- 
larged posterior end is not nearly so abruptly turned outward as it 
is in Colaptes. At the lower outer angle of the sternal end of a 
coracoid, the process is handsomely developed and the facets below 
very distinctly defined. This last description agrees pretty well, 
too, with what we find in JZ. carvolinus, though good differences 
exist in minor details. Dvyobates villosus has the posterior end of 
either scapula bent out at a right angle with the shaft, which is also 
the case in Xenopicus, while in Ceophleus all the bones of the arch 
are fashioned more as we find them in Campephilus. 
Various species of Sphyrapicus show all the picine characters 
of the bones of the shoulder-girdle, and in them the hinder ends of 
the scapulze are enlarged and stand at a right angle, in either case, 
with the shaft. 
Very conspicuous indeed is the process at the outer aspect of the 
sternal end of a coracoid, it being sharp-pointed and somewhat 
turned backward. 
In some Woodpeckers, as the Ivory-bill, this last character 
would hardly attract especial attention. It is but moderately marked 
in Picoides, a bird which also has a typical picine pectoral arch. 
Any American Woodpecker is always possessed of a large, capa- 
cious pelvis, and in Co/apfes, when we come to view the bone from 
above, it is seen to have a moderately extensive pre-acetabular re- 
gion, with a much larger post-acetabular one. An ilium is pointed 
in front, and these bones diverge from each other as they proceed 
forward. This creates a canal of increasing size on either side of 
the prominent crista. Posteriorly the ‘‘ sacrum’’ fuses completely 
with the ilia and presents behind more or fewer small parial, inter- 
diapophysial foramina, 
At the side, the antitrochanter is small, though prominent ; 
the ischiadic foramen of good size; a large obturator space merg- 
ing with the small subcircular obturator foramen ; a circular acetab- 
ulum with its base entirely absorbed. There is no propubis, and 
