1900. ] SHUFELDT—OSTEOLOGY OF THE WOODPECKERS. 615. 
subpalmar aspect of its shaft. There are seven of these, and ap- 
pear upon this bone in all of our Pic7. Beyond this the ulna is 
seen to be a stout bone with subcylindrical shaft, the latter being 
nearly straight for its distal moiety—curved along its proximal 
half. 
The olecranon process is well produced and all the articular 
facets and trochlez of this bone are of good size. 
A single sesamoid of no great size is found at the elbow, and in 
the adult Woodpecker the carpus is composed of the usual two free 
bonelets, the ulnare and the radiale. These latter possess each 
the form they are seen to have in most all ordinary birds, and their 
articulations also correspond. 
The carpo-metacarpal bone of the hand has a few characters 
that should be noticed. Among these we observe that the ar- 
ticulatory facet or trochlea formed by the os magnum is, upon 
the anconal side, brought well down upon the shaft. Its bor- 
der is rather thin-edged, and on the whole this part is com- 
pressed from side to side. Below the head of the bone there is 
seen a thin, laminated process coming off from the posterior 
aspect of the index metacarpal that laps flat over against the 
upper third of the shaft of the mid- or smaller metacarpal at its 
outer aspect. Such a process we will also find in this bone 
among the Galiine, Passeres and other groups. 
The lower end of the midmetacarpal extends considerably 
below that end of the larger or index metacarpal, a state of 
affairs that is reversed in some birds, as in the Z7ochzl. 
Both pollex and distal index phalanges are comparatively small 
and pointed. They are without claws. The large proximal 
phalanx of the index digit is peculiar in that its posterior blade- 
like part is much reduced, and it is only distally that this part 
is produced a little, curves upward and meets the lower ex- 
tremity of the small free phalanx of the middle or last finger. 
This last-mentioned phalanx is, contrary to the rule in ordinary 
birds, larger than either the pollex digit or the distal one of in- 
dex, and is distinguished by having a tubercle projecting from 
the posterior aspect of the proximal third of its shaft. 
Passing now to the consideration of the pelvic limb of the 
Pileated Woodpecker, the species in hand, we find that in the 
adult the femur measures 4 cms. in length, the tibio tarsus 
5-4 cms., the tarso-metatarsus 3.7 cms., and the longest or outer 
