Xvi CONTENTS. 



CiiAi'TEU XX. — The Champlaiii period — Continued. Page. 

 The Champlain clays — Continued. 



The Springfield Lake— Continued. 



Tlie structure of the clays 703 



The surface of the layers 704 



The lateral passage of the clays into the high terrace sands 70.^ 



The passage of the clays into the sauds above 705 



Explauatiou of the structure of the clays 706 



The time occupied in the deposition of the clays 707 



Action of icebergs and floes upon the clays 707 



Secondary structures in the clays 709 



Joints 709 



Concretions 711 



Fossils of the Champlain clays 718 



Chapter XXI. — The terraces of the Connecticut and the modern deposits 722 



Introduction 722 



The intermediate terrace and barrier at Lily Pond in Gill; an abandoned waterfall 724 



The low-level terraces and flood plain of the Connecticut in the basin of the Montague Lake. 725 



The later terraces or meadows of the Connecticut in the Hadley Lake 726 



The structure of the terraces 727 



The river sands 727 



The muck sauds 728 



The peat deposits and the plant remains 728 



Loess 729 



The terraces of the Connecticut iu the Springfield basin 729 



The incomplete terraces as illustrations of the stages in the growth of terraces 731 



On the oscillations of the Connecticut from its earliest position 733 



The oxbows of the Connecticut 734 



On the deflection of streams toward the right bank 734 



River terraces around a receding waterfall 735 



The terraces of tributaries 736 



An old oxhow of P"ort River 737 



Fossils of the terrace period 738 



The Pleistocene beetles of Fort River, Massachusetts, by S. H. Scudder 740 



The repulsion of tributaries 746 



Dunes and wind loess 747 



Mineral spiings 749 



Thick modern fissure deposits of quartz surrounding roots in tlie base of the Holyoke trap 



sheet 752 



Chapter XXII. — Supplement to the author's mineral' lexicon of Franklin, Hampshire, and 



Hampden counties 754 



Chapter XXIII. — Chronological list of publications on the geology and mineralogy of Frank- 

 lin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties 762 



Index 783 



