500 GEOLOGY OF OLD HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, MASS. 



basin, and has here a large component of north-south motion, and thus of 

 east-west strikes. The Hmit of this severe action is the east-west fault 

 marked by the line of craters just mentioned. Many baryta-lead veins in 

 the sandstone and the crystalline rocks on its borders seem to have been 

 formed at this period. 



In his review of the question whether the rocks of the Connecticut 

 Valley were deposited in a separate basin, as has been maintained in the 

 preceding pages, or were connected across western Massachusetts and 

 Connecticut and eastern New York with the New Jersey Triassic, which 

 culminates in the Palisade range. Professor RusselP still maintains the 

 opinion he had advanced in earlier papers. The localities described in the 

 preceding pages where coarse conglomerates and coarse, unworn arkose 

 beds rest on the crystalline rocks along the western border, and the relation 

 of these beds to the great granite areas directly west, make it quite certain 

 that the upper end of the bay in Massachusetts had its western shore- line 

 quite exactly at the present western border of the Triassic beds. These 

 latter are mainly formed from bottom to top of the coarse debris of mus- 

 covite-granites such as now form their western border, while if they had 

 transgressed but a few miles westward they would have covered entirely 

 all this coarse granite area, and there is no similar area from which the arkose 

 could have been derived farther west, where the shore-line must have been. 



THE USE OF THE TRAP AS ROAD IHATERIAL,. 



It is well known that the trap furnishes the best material for i-oad 

 making, and as the legislature of Massachusetts has wisely entered upon 

 an extensive and carefully arranged scheme looking to the extension of 

 macadamized roads throughout the State those places where the trap is 

 found in large quantity and of good quality and near to railroads will be 

 of economic value. The city of Springfield has for a long time Avorked a 

 quarry at the point in Westfield where the Boston and Albany Railroad 

 crosses the main or Holyoke trap sheet. Recently (1895) the Massachu- 

 setts Stone Crushing Company has established an extensive plant on the 

 south side of the Deerfield River at Cheapside, with a capacity of about 

 100 tons per diem. The company has spur tracks to the Tm-ners Falls 

 branch of the Canal Railroad and can distribute its product readily by rail 



' Correlation Papers, The Newark System, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 85, 1892, p. 101. 



