546 GEOLOGY OF OLD HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, MASS. 



The ledge seems to me to be very deep below the surface of the Occi- 

 dent, the hill south of College Grove, but no certain data are attainable. 

 The well on the east slope of this hill at R. W. Greene's was sunk in 

 "hardpan" 46 feet, as he informed me. In the College Hill the Octagon 

 cellar showed that the surface was the true till The college well is 2.5 feet 

 deep, and about 4.5 feet below this the well already mentioned was sunk 

 55 feet, and another on the southwest slope of the hill, at the east end of 

 Short street, was sunk to the same depth, giving the till an ascertained 

 thickness of 1 00 feet, and the whole thickness is certainly much greater. 



The high hill north or northwest of East Street has in perfection the 

 form of a drumlin, and is doubtless of common origin with those already 

 described. There is, however, at its top a broad expanse of red sandstone, 

 which appears nowhere upon its slopes, either at the surface or in wells. It 

 has, therefore, a nucleus of rock of different configuration and with sharper 

 slopes than the present hill. Between the Center and North villages, finally, 

 and bounded on the west by the road and on the east by the railroad 

 between these places, is a group of these hills, so blended that the symmetry 

 is somewhat lessened, in which different summits resemble the several hills 

 already described. Under the hill on which Professor Tyler's house is 

 built, and its prolongation eastward, the red sandstone is everywhere near 

 the surface and the till is thin. 



West of Mount Pleasant the gneiss is near the surface; it is 50 feet 

 below the surface under the house at the south end of Mount Pleasant, and 

 rises to the surface a few rods north of the site of the residence of the late 

 President Clark. An examination of the map will make it plain that these 

 hills rest upon a concealed ridge of older I'ocks running south and a few 

 degrees west of south from North Amherst City to South Amherst, and that 

 they lie in the lee of the high ground consisting of crystalline rocks which 

 projects westward north of the former village, and, finally, that there is a 

 close similarity in the arrangement of the drumlins on both sides of the 

 river, those on the west lying in a line curving to the westward and iu 

 the shadow of the projecting heights of Elizabeth Rock, as described in the 

 preceding section. 



The most striking series of drumlins in the valley is found in Bernards- 

 ton and Gill. They are of the largest size and of most symmetrical form. 

 A fine view of them may be had from the railway in Northfield village, 



