616 GEOLOGY OF OLD HAMPSHIEE COUNTY, MASS. 



waters and the unfilled portions (1 b t), 10 to 50 feet lower, can be clearly 

 made out. Karnes rise out of the shore flats, which are often kettle-holed 

 and ])lainly deposited in the })resence of remnants of the ice ; but there are 

 no continuous and important "moraine teiTace" beds fringing the eastern 

 rocky slope and raised above the flood level of the waters. These shore- 

 ward plains sink by easy construction scarps to the bottom flats in which 

 the erosion terraces (t* to t*) have been cut. 



THE NORTHERN LOBE OF THE LAKE. 



From the hill which overlooks the hotel in South Vernon, Vermont, just 

 on the State line, one sees the river for a long way northward flowing in a 

 naiTOw channel bounded on both sides by high lauds which slope rapidly 

 to the stream and leave place for onlj^ narrow terraces. Nearer, the sand 

 flats spread westward from the river around the base of a prominent hill (t) 

 which rises to the north, and bending north surround this hill. The sands 

 are very thick, and seem to rise a little above the highest probable flood level 

 for this latitude, about 400 feet, which would indicate that they were brought 

 in behind this hill while the ice filled the main valley and were not wholly 

 planed down by the later stream. Around the south spur of the hill east 

 into the open valley the sands sink rapidl}' to the lake bottom at 322 feet, 

 as they failed to receive further protection in the lee of the hill, and the plain 

 of fine sand sinks riverward to 307 feet, and is continued in a remnant which 

 lies just north of the station with a height of 297 feet, cut off" from the rest by 

 an old channel of the river. 



The old lake bottom commences again just opposite the hotel in South 

 Vernon, it having been cut away by erosion at the State line, and extends 

 southward as a broad, level plain, down the center of which the road to 

 Bernardston passes. On its outside it rests for more than a mile against 

 the rocks, which rise first abruptly and then more gradually, and present a 

 rugged and irregular surface, thinly covered by loose till. On this surface 

 the river has deposited nothing. Where the Bernardston road mounts from 

 t* to the top of this teiTace a section showed — 



Feet. 



1. Very iiue, loamy, uulaminated sand 6 to 8 



2. Well-washed granite gravel, pebbles one-fourth inch 7 



3. Fine saud iu yreat thickness. 



