KETTLfi-HOLES. 671 



terrace is about 40 feet aliove the liiali terrace or lieiich <>f the Connecticut 

 Lake. lu the eastern wall fine, innkisli sands, with regular structure, indi- 

 cating a steady southward current, form the lower and larger portion of 

 the section. Fig. 44 is drawn from the west wall of this cutting, about 4(j 

 feet farther west than the other, and it is interesting to see the marked 

 contrast between the two. Except for two small kettle-holes, the eastern 

 section is \evy regular, while the western is extremely distui'bed. The 

 sands below the line a are the fine, pinkish, granitic sands of the lower j)ortion 

 of the opposite section, and these haye sunk down irregularly and haye 

 been much eroded, and in all the southern portion of the section have gone 

 entirely below its level. They are covered by the finer, loamy sands, with 

 nuu-h more irregular and shifting (fiow-and-plunge) structure, and are tor- 

 tuous and contorted throughout the whole extent of the exposure, 295 feet 

 (only a small portion drawn), in a manner which would harmonize well with 



I'lii. 44 Sectiou uf kamt- sauda atthu north end of the "Big Fill'" south of Dwj;;! 



the proposed explanation that the>' were deposited against and upon a 

 shifting and inconstant wall of ice. 



The west and south walls of the "borrow" south of the "Big Fill," 

 at the entrance of the Belcliertown Pass, from which material was ' ' bor- 

 rowed" for the latter, was an example of a region where the kettle-holes 

 are closely approximated, and represent the work of the violent current of 

 the Pelham River in the presence of shifting ice. The whole south wall 

 showed the finest tlow-and-plunge structure, whose direction made it seem 

 most probable that the current came over the ice from the northwest. The 

 other walls showed the most rapid alternations of coarse and fine beds, of 

 cross-bedding, and of shifting and confusion from the repeated sinking of 

 the ice beneath beds already formed. 



Finally, an example may be taken from a "borrow" along the east 

 side of the New London Northern Railroad south of the overhead bridge 

 south of North Amherst station, showing the extreme of complexity of 

 an area of " reticulated ridges," where, although the action of water is 

 manifest throughout, the deposit might almost be called a moraine, as the 



