THE CAMP-MEETI^^G CUTTING. 687 



sands beiieatli it into the greatest confusion, kneading them together, press- 

 ing the v\a.\ in great bosses down into the sands, in some phices destroying 

 the himiuation of the clay entirely: in others, where the alternation of 

 fine sand and fat clay was more clearly marked, jtroducing in each layer 

 masses where a smoothed surface resembled marbled paper. This contor- 

 tion increased to its maximum where the two beds, here inextricablv mixed, 

 mounted u]) the north slope of the drumlin and were sheared off on a jdaue 

 which is almost coincident with the surface of the drumlin and which is 

 continued south as the upper surface of the fourth till. 



It would seem that the ice pushed out into water of considerable depth, 

 and so, partly buoyed up, was able to move over the plastic clays, producing 

 a minimum of erosion and depositing no till on the clay; but the di'umlin 

 acted as a resistant substratum, and between the two the stratified beds 

 were sheared off" entirely, the hill itself was scalped, and the coml^ined 

 material was trailed along over the remnant of the sands down the slope 

 (a train of great Ijowlders occupving its lower 2:)ortion) for a distance south- 

 ward from the drumlin and plainly derived from it. Masses ranging from 

 filaments to large sheets of the sands or clays, or beds containing alterna- 

 tions of these two, are contained in a formless mass of till of great compact- 

 ness, which rests with a flat under surface upon the sands below. 



I have figured a sm-face of this bed (PI. XVIII, fig. 3, p. 694) where 

 it is just beginning to mount again upon the sand (above D, PI. XV). 

 The upper layer of till is crushed into the sand layer, its bowlders plowing 

 into it and producing folds and faults; while below, a thick bed which once 

 consisted of clay with thin sand partings is as a whole kneaded into such a 

 confused mass that, over the broad, smooth siirface sculptured bv the wind, 

 wherever the sand layers come to the surface they were eaten out into 

 intricate convolutions, like the interior of the ear. 



That portion of the sands caught between the second and fomth layers 

 of till has all structure crushed out of it; but as the upper till layer rides 

 up onto the thick mass of the sands, the line between them is sharply defined, 

 being gently convex below; and as the sands tliicken, signs of bedding 

 gradually disengage themselves from the confusion of the mass, and one 

 sees the effect and direction of the thrust of the ice marked with wonderful 

 clearness in the contorted layers of the sand. Within the sands the layers 

 are quite horizontal and undisturbed, and as one follows each back toward 



