Classification of Teleostean Fishes. 263 
Dr. Giinther’s Trachinide into seven families, which he thus 
defined :— 
I. Lower pectoral rays simply articulated. 
A. Ventral fins thoracic. First and second dorsals 
Bubequialitg rs... sottesetia siete <thys 5d Aoopamones Trichodontide. 
B. Ventral fins jugular. 
1, Ventrals approximated. Anal very long. 
BS GclivaSCalliverrspscpsmer cae a ehe Coaicoc eye wala Trachinide. 
2. Ventrals separated by a wide area. Anal 
moderate, | Body naked. of. Jes. 0... Bovichthyide. 
II. Lower pectoral rays branched. 
A. Head cavernous. Przeoperculum abruptly bent 
inwards beneath the head. Ventrals thoracic. Stl/aginoide. 
B. Head with bones not cavernous. Ventrals 
jugular or subjugular. 
1. Snout not produced. Body scaly. 
a. Lateral line submedian along tail........ Latiloide. 
b. Lateral line interrupted or continuous on the 
COT a tana a eae Notothentoide. 
2. Snout spatuliform. Body naked .......... Chenichthyoide. 
The characters used in this synopsis are mostly very trivial 
and inadequate for establishing families, nor, with the excep- 
tion of that derived from the position of the ventral fins, has 
their diagnostic value been confirmed by the examination of 
the skeleton which has since been made. 
In his latest arrangement of the fishes, in 1893, the families 
are thus dispersed by Dr. Gill. The divisions are, however, 
unaccompanied by definitions :— 
I. Related to PERcoIDEA: Sillaginide. 
IJ. PERcopHOIDEA (described as an undoubtedly hetero- 
geneous group in need of a thorough revision) : Pseudo- 
chromide, Malacanthide, Bathymastride, Percophitde, 
Notothentide, Harpagiferide, Cheenichthyide, Chias- 
modontide, Opisthognathide, Bovichthyide, Tricho- 
dontide, Hemerocetide. 
III. Tracurinomwea: Trachinide. 
IV. URANOSCOPOIDEA: Uranoscopide, Leptoscopide, Dactylo- 
scopide. 
An examination of Trachinus shows that it differs essentially 
from the Perciformes in the truly jugular position of the ventrals 
and in the structure of the pectoral fin, which is supported by 
the scapula and short and broad pterygials, of which only two 
are in contact with the scapula (fig. A, p. 264) ; and these two 
characters I consider to be diagnostic of the forms truly related to 
Trachinus. Whilst in the “thoracic” Perciformes the pectoral 
fin is entirely supported by the pterygials, which are more or 
j 195 
