Classification of Teleostean Fishes. 265 
less narrow and hourglass-shaped, and of which at least three 
are in contact with the scapula (fig.C). Further, the shoulder- 
girdle of Trachinus differs from that of the Perciformes in 
having the scapular fenestra pierced not within thescapula, but 
between it and the coracoid, in this respect resembling the 
likewise jugular Gadide +, which may be distinguished by 
the narrower and hourglass-shaped pterygials and the ribs 
inserted on long parapophyses. 
Availing myself of other characters which I have found to 
offer reliable indications of relationship in different groups of 
Acanthopterygians, I would add that the second suborbital is 
produced in an internal lamina supporting the globe of the 
eye, that the ribs and epipleurals are nearly equally deve- 
loped and sessile, close together at the base, and that the 
posterior precaudal vertebree emit short parapophyses. 
These characters serving to diagnose the T'rachinide, with 
the single genus Trachinus, we may examine how far the 
other genera previously associated with them agree or disagree 
and what appear to be their relationships. 
Among the forms of the southern hemisphere there are 
several genera that agree with T’rachinus in the structure of 
the pectoral arch and pelvis and also in the vertebral column, 
which differ only in the absence of a subocular lamina. 
These, enumerated in the following synopsis, may be grouped 
together under the name Nototheniide. 
I. Gill-membranes free or narrowly attached 
to the isthmus. 
A. Dorsal formed of two portions, which 
may be united at the base. 
1. Two lateral lines, the lower of which 
may be confined to the caudal 
region. 
Body daveved eith Cbenoid«scalesmme mine tea: Notothenia, Rich. 
Body naked; lateral line with granulated 
plates';;snout spatulate: §..¢4de%... <0 2% Chenichthys, Rich. 
Body entirely naked ; snout spatulate........ Champsocephalus, Gill. 
2. Three lateral lines; body naked .... Cryodraco, Dollo.* 
3. A single lateral line. 
a. Body scaly. 
a. Dorsal fins more or less united 
at the base; afeeble opercular 
spine. 
+ This character has been employed by Cope (Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. 
xiy. 1871, p. 458) and by Gill (Proc. Acad. Philad. 1884, p. 170) to 
define the “ Anacanthini,” but they do not appear to have been aware of 
its being shared by the Trachinide, Nototheniide, Trichonotide, and 
Callionymide. Jordan and Hvermann (Fish. N. Amer. il. p. 2528) even 
add that it differentiates the “‘ Anacanthini” from all other typical fishes. 
