GILL] THE FAMILY OF CYPRINIDS 27, 
species at least; in most cases to sea fishes of the family of Sparids 
from a supposed resemblance to the sea bream of England (Sparus 
auratus), but also to a couple of fresh-water fishes with a super- 
ficial likeness to the Abramis; the fresh-water fishes are mostly of 
the family of Dorosomids (Dorosoma richardsonit), related to the 
hickory shad of the United States; a perch-like fish of the family 
of Theraponids, called also silver perch (Therapon richardsonii), 
also bears the name of bream. Carp is equally misapplied, being 
forced on an excellent marine food fish of the perciform family of 
Chilodactylids. 
One of the old English names (Barbel) has been singularly, 
though not inaptly, applied in South Africa to a Silurid (Clarias 
gariepinus), which indeed has barbels, and long ones too, but is not 
at all related to the real English barbel, and yet a number of 
Cyprinids congeneric with the true barbel are inhabitants of South 
African streams. 
The misapplication of these names to some American Cyprinids 
will be considered in a subsequent article. 
