SOME NOTEWORTHY EXTRA-EUROPEAN CYPRINIDS 
By THEODORE GILL 
In a former article on “ The Family of Cyprinids and the Carp 
as its Type,” were considered a few of the characters which serve 
to differentiate the Cyprinids from other fishes and which have been 
used to subdivide the family itself into minor groups. Furthermore, 
those species which bear names that have been transferred in 
America to other species were briefly noticed and illustrated. In 
the present article are introduced a few of the innumerable host 
occurring in America and other countries, which are conspicuous 
for various reasons. 
AMERICAN CYPRINIDS 
In North America about 250 species of Cyprinids occur and almost 
all belong to genera or at least sub-genera unknown to Europe or 
Asia. The genus Barbus, so numerously represented in the old 
world, has not a single representative in the new, nor are any of the 
related ones represented. The genus that replaces it, so far as num- 
bers go (and so far only), is Notropis, which includes about two- 
fifths of the American Cyprinids—over one hundred species; it be- 
longs to the group called Leuciscine. The genus Leuciscus (Squalius 
of most European ichthyologists), as understood by Jordan and his 
disciples, is represented by about twenty-five species, the closely 
related Rutilus (Leuciscus of European ichthyologists) by four 
species, and Abramis by two. All the other American Cyprinids 
belong to genera peculiar to the “nearctic” or “ arctamerican ” 
region, but most of them belong to the group (Leuciscine) to which 
the bulk of the European Cyprinids do. Others have been referred 
to another ill-defined group (“ Chondrostomine”) typified by Eu- 
ropean fishes. Still others (“ Mylopharodontine”) are closely re- 
lated to the Leuciscine but have been differentiated from them on 
account of the preponderance of blunt or molar pharyngeal teeth. 
Better defined are three groups peculiar to America—the so-called 
“Campostomine,”’ “ Exoglossine” and “ Plagopterine.” The sys- 
tematic value of all these groups, however, remains to be discovered, 
and can only be realized after a thorough study of their anatomy. 
Two of the characteristics of the American cyprinoid fauna are 
noteworthy: (1) The specialized character of the aggregate of 
297 
