328 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [von. 48 
” 
fins.” The Carassius, in the form of the goldfish, is common every- 
where; “ in its native condition the species is plain dark olivaceous,” 
but domesticated varieties and monstrosities are innumerable. The 
Gobionines number eight species of five genera; Gobio, the Gudgeon 
genus, though not represented immediately, is represented medi- 
ately by several genera (especially by one, Leucogobio, with four 
species, and another, Abbotina, with one) differing from each other as 
well as from Gobio by slight differences of the mouth and lips. The 
Leuciscines are no less than sixteen; Leuciscus, the chub genus, 
has six congeneric relations, and Phoxinus, the minnow, one. A 
characteristic species is that here figured, Leuciscus phalacrocorax, 
whose rather strange name was given because some specimens ob- 
tained by Jordan and Fowler were caught by trained cormorants 
of the genus Phalacrocorax in the Tana river. To the Rhodeine 
subfamily have been referred seven species of four genera, but it 
is not known whether any exercises the peculiar mode of oviposition 
Fic. 87.—Leucogobio mayede. After Jordan and Fowler. 
within the valves of a Unionid as does the bitterling of Germany. It 
is noteworthy, however, that one of the species, Pseudoperilampus 
typus, has been given a Japanese name (Nigabuna) which conveys 
the same allusion (bitter carp) as the German name; it rarely 
attains a length of three inches. Several of the Rhodeines are 
remarkable for traits of color. Few of the Cyprinids have distinct 
black markings, the predominant colors being brownish or olivaceous 
on the back and sides and whitish or silvery below, and consequently 
the European Leuciscines are collectively designated as whitefish 
and this has been rendered into the Greek derivative Leuciscus. 
Among the exceptions to the rule are Rhodeines, one of which 
(Acheilognathus cyanostigma) is here illustrated; a black lateral 
band concurrent with the dorsal outlines is very conspicuous. It 
is one of the many fishes of the great Japanese lake Biwa. The 
