STEJNEGER] ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF NORWAY 471 
account of his new pony under the title “ The multiple Origin of 
Horses and Ponies” (Trans. Highl. Agric. Soc. Scotland (5), Xv1, 
1904, pp. 230-268; abridged in Nature, LX1x, 1904, pp. 590-596). 
In this paper, which had not come to hand when I wrote mine, the 
characteristics of FE. celticus are more elaborated, especially what 
he terms the caudal fringe, or “ tail-lock,’ of the winter coat, a 
heavy covering of long hair at the root of the tail above. This 
he regards as the result of adaptation to a subarctic environment. 
Hence, it seems to me, its presence or absence in allied forms or 
varieties does not carry much weight as proving or disproving 
relationship. About the mane he says that it “is made up of a 
mesial portion (nearly twice the width of the entire mane in an 
Arab) consisting of strong dark hair, and of two lateral portions 
the hair of which are lighter and finer.’’ He also mentions a flat- 
nosed variety in the Feroes, the Hebrides and in Shetland which, 
except in color, shape of the head, and occasionally the form of the 
hind-quarters, closely agrees with the typical Celtic pony. Some 
of these flat-nosed ponies are of a foxy-red color, others are dark 
brown. 
A very important section of his paper is devoted to “ The Norse 
Horse (Equius caballus typicus).’ This he regards as having “ cen- 
turies ago acquired the rank of a distinct species, or at least a well 
marked natural variety.” ‘“ A typical specimen of the Norse variety 
is of a dark yellow-dun colour, with black ‘ points,’ and a nearly 
black mane and tail” (p. 264; p. 595). - “ The space between the 
orbit and the nostril is relatively longer than in the Celtic pony ” 
(p. 265; p. 596), it is consequently a longer-faced animal, in con- 
nection with which statement it is noteworthy that the forehead is 
said to be “not particularly wide.” Several more differences are 
noted, but it is sufficient here to mention the last one given, viz., that 
the Norse horse differs 
chestnuts” (p. 265; p. 596); it has consequently the horny callos- 
ities of Equus caballus. Professor Ewart does not give the exact 
distribution of the Norse horse, but he mentions expressly that it 
occurs in the northwest of Scotland, and that “there is little doubt 
that it was introduced into Scotland from Scandinavia about the 
end of the eleventh or beginning of the twelfth century” (p. 264; 
p. 595). He finally concludes his comparison of the two types with 
the emphatic statement that “it is inconceivable that the Norse 
variety could . . . be regarded as an offshoot from the Celtic 
pony ”’! 
‘ 
‘in having a complete set of ergots and 
