Av? SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [voL. 48 
Compared with my own conclusion, given above, that the Celtic 
pony and the west Norwegian horse belong to the same species, it 
would seem that Professor Ewart and I have come to absolutely 
diametrically opposite results. Yet, it only seems so, for I am 
willing to subscribe to every word of his conclusions with regard 
to the Norse horse he is speaking of. The explanation is, of course, 
that he does not refer to the west Norwegian horse I have been 
treating of, the true “ fjordhest.’”’ His Norse horse is the “ deele- 
hest,” and these two I regard as specifically distinct. 
There is nothing in Ewart’s paper to indicate that there are two 
very distinct types of native horses in Norway, and yet no fact is 
better established. One of these was originally, and is even now 
to a great extent, confined to the west coast, the other to the in- 
terior valleys and the lowlands of the eastern part of the country 
(hence the distinctive names of fjord-horse and valley-horse). The 
latter being the heavier horse has in later years been introduced 
into the western districts in order to “improve” the coast race, and 
consequently numerous hybrids are now found in west Norway. 
It was my good fortune to be able to examine a large number of 
typical fjord-horses during a visit to Bergen in 1905. I was very 
apprehensive lest the admixtures of foreign blood might have nearly 
obliterated the pure breed, but fortunately my fears were unfounded, 
there were enough unmixed, unimproved horses left. 
To be brief and to the point, I found the fjord-horse to possess 
all the essential characters of Equus celticus, as given above, in 
which it differs from Ewart’s “ Norse horse.’’ Its normal color 
is a pale buff, but also often mouse-gray ; uniform dark brown speci- 
mens such as Ewart describes in his flat-nosed varieties of the Celtic 
pony, are also seen. The mane is bicolored, light on each side with 
a broad, black central part, exactly as described by Ewart in the 
typical Celtic; the tail is also only mixed with black. All these 
points are fairly well shown in the photograph (pl. Lx1x, 1). The 
winter coat, especially in the animals of the outer coast which often, 
particularly in former times, have to pass the winter.in the open 
air without much shelter, is rather long with long forelock and 
beard, and long hair at the base of the tail. The forehead is broad 
and the facial portion of the head short. The legs are rather slender 
and the hoofs small. And last, but not least, the typical west Nor- 
wegian pony lacks the hind chestnuts, the horny callosities on the 
hind legs, the main criterion of FE. celticus! I examined a large 
number of farmers’ horses in the city of Bergen on the regular 
